Ostwald, Friedrich

Haber demonstrated that the production of ammonia from the elements was feasible in the laboratory, but it was up to Carl Bosch, a chemist and engineer at BASF, to transform the process into large-scale production. The industrial converter that Bosch and his coworkers created was completely revised, including a cheaper and more effective catalyst based on extensive studies in high-pressure catalytic reactions. This approach led to Bosch receiving the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1931, and the production of multimillion tons of fertilizer per year worldwide, see also Agricultural Chemistry Catalysis and Catalysts Equilibrium Le Chatelier, Henri Nernst, Walther Hermann Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm. 

The winter of 1886-7 was approaching Arrhenius had spent almost a year with Ostwald. Friedrich Kohlrausch at Wurtz-burg had been busy experimenting on the conductivity of solutions and had discovered that all the ions of the same element,... 

Nernst made numerous other important contributions to physical chemistry. For example, his distribution law described the concentration distribution of a solute in two immiscible liquids and allowed the calculation of extraction processes. He also formulated several significant theories, such as those on the electrostriction of ions, the diffusion layer at electrodes, and the solubility product. In addition, he established new methods to measure dielectric constants and to synthesize ammonia, on which the German chemist Fritz Haber later successfully followed up. see also Electrochemistry Haber, Fritz Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm Physical Chemistry. 

Hiebert, Erwin N., and Korber, Hans-Giinther (1978). Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm. In Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. XV, Supplement I, ed. Charles C. GUhspie. New York Scribners. 

Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm (1853-1932) German chemist who was the pioneer of modem physical chemistry and who showed how catalysts work. He was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

Oppermann Heindrich (1934-), Ger.phys., thermochemical data, solid-state reactions Ostwald Friedrich Wilhelm (1853-1932) Ger. chem., founder of modern physical chemistry, research in equilibrium and... 

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