Osteoarthritis-like Effects in vivo

Wolf A, Raiss RX, Steinmeyer J (2003) Fibronectin metabolism of cartilage explants in response to the frequency of intermittent loading. J Orthopaedic Res 21 1081-1089 

For assessment of degenerative joint disorders as potential side effects of drugs under investigation, a multitude of animal models for osteoarthritis is available, and their respective suitability for the pleiotropic disease aspects have been recently described and discussed by Oegema and Visco (1999), van den Berg (2001), and Brandt (2002). However, novel therapeutic principles, like e.g. the matrix metalloproteinases, have revealed their musculoskeletal side effects as late as in clinical studies only, which then retraced the focus of drug developmental steps back to scrutinize and refine existent models for different applications (Jacobson et al. 1999 Renkiewicz et al. 2003 Peterson 2004). 

Renkiewicz R, Qiu L, Lesch C et al. (2003) Broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat-induced musculoskeletal side effects in rats. Arthritis Rheumatism 48 1742-1749 

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