Orthogonal tests

The process of orthogonal testing highlights one of the major technical challenges in solution-phase processes the separation of individual products from each other. In SPS, of course, products are, by definition, always attached to some kind of solid support, such as resin beads or pins. In solution-phase experiments, products are thoroughly mixed with each other. Even if one can identify which among all possible products are desirable, some way must he found to separate those products from those of no interest to the experimenter and from excess reagents that may he present in the reaction mixture. 

The orthogonality tests in the BonusPack files on the CDROM are examples of this approach to Quantum Chemistry on a spreadsheet. Other examples of SOLVER S utility in Quantum Chemistry are to be found elsewhere. ... 

There are two template EXCEL files for the orthogonality tests using the Extended Htickel approximation in the BonusPack. The first is a similar template to the one used for the Htickel calculations. It is applied to check the 2-dimensional basis functions of the groups, which are taken in pairs, with the totally symmetric basis function included in the calculation to make up the 5 X 5 structure of the matrix multiplications. In the second template, for the 3-dimensional basis functions, a 9 x 9 structure is employed so that a full set of, for example, Itiu, 2tiu and 3tiu functions can be checked at the same time. 

Tables Results of marginal analysis of orthogonal tests [16].

He Li, Jiang Zhong- an, Zhong Mao- hua. Study and application on optimum gel inhibitor for coal spontaneous combustion by orthogonal test method[J]. Journal of Safety Sdence and Technology, 2006, 2(4) 40. ... 

According to the overlying rock breaking process and failure pattern of the fully mechanized gob-side entry retaining, numerical simulation concluded Through the orthogonal test method to the main roof fracture factors influence, a numerical simulation to get the order main roof thickness >... 

WT, wild-type collected from Siping, JUin, China Mature seeds 28 2 Plant regeneration and optimization of callus induction medium by foui-factor-thee-level [L9(3 )] orthogonal test Sun Hong (2009)... 

After finding the best column overnight, in accordance with our comments another run would make sense better to be safe than sorry, and an orthogonal test in the case of unknown samples provides parallel to a DAD-LC/MS-MS coupling more security regarding peak homogeneity. 

Study on extraction techniques of dietary fiber from Sargassum fusiforme by orthogonal test... 

Table 2. Resxilts and analysis of orthogonal test for enzymolysis extraction conditions. 

Research and analysis on the orthogonal test, it shows that when pH is 5, adsorption time is 2.0 hours and the dosage is 5 g/L, Sb " concentration can reduce to 0.02 mg/L or less, the removal rate is over 99%. 

Figure 9 serves to demonstrate this equalizing of the stationary phases in the presence of buffers even for non-ionic analytes. In Fig. 9a, the separation of the isomers of nitroaniline on four rather different stationary phases with the help of an alkaline acetonitrile buffer is shown. Apart from small differences in the retention time, the separation of the three peaks looks rather similar on each of the four columns. Fig. 9b shows the separation of the nitroanilines on Symmetry Shield and on Zorbax Bonus in a methanol/water mixture. The chromatograms look absolutely different even an inversion of the elution order is observed. This means that to exploit the individual properties of the stationary phases in the realm of ultimate selectivity, one should dispense with buffers, which is not easy to realize in routine work, where reproducible retention times are required. Nevertheless, one should remember this in the case of orthogonal tests see below. These phenomena are observed even with simple, polar, non-ionizable analytes such as ketones (see Fig. 10). 

An orthogonality test will show that this is an acceptable mode because it is orthogonal to the symmetric stretch. The number of modes is 3N - 6 or 3. So, the remaining mode will be represented by a set of arrows that describe a motion that is orthogonal to both the symmetric stretch and the bend. After some thought, we realize that this mode is... 

---