Orthogonal signals

L. Eriksson, J. Trygg, E. Johansson, R. Bro, S. Wold, Orthogonal signal correction, wavelet analysis, and multivariate calibration of complicated process fluorescence data. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000 420, 181-195. 

Trygg, J., Wold, S. Orthogonal Signal Projection, US Patent 6853923, www.freepatentson-line.com/6853923.html (2000). 

Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) This method explicitly uses y (property or analyte) information in calibration data to develop a general filter for removing any y-irrelevant variation in any subsequent x data [118]. As such, if this y-irrelevant variation includes inter-instrument effects, then this method performs some degree of calibration transfer. The OSC model does not exphcitly handle x axis shifts, but in principle can handle these to some extent. It has also been shown that the piecewise (wavelength-localized) version of this method (POSC) can be effective in some cases [119]. 

S. Wold, H. Antti, F. Lindgren and J. Ohman, Orthogonal signal correction of near infrared spectra, Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst, 44, 175-185, (1998). 

A variety of transmission line structures can be fabricated in planar layers of conductor and dielectric (Figure 9). The stripline and offset stripline are best suited for multilayer structures. The offset stripline, with two orthogonal signal layers between a pair of reference voltage planes, eliminates one intermediate plane and achieves higher characteristic impedance for a given dielectric thickness than do two stripline layers but increases the possibility for crosstalk between layers. 

Feam, T., On orthogonal signal correction, Chemom. Inlell. Lab. Syst., 50, 47, 2000. 

Svensson, O., Kourti, T., and MacGregor, J.F., An investigation of orthogonal signal correction algorithms and their characteristics, J. Chemom., 16, 176, 2002. 

Wold, S. Antti, H. Lindgren, E Ohman, J. Orthogonal Signal Correction of Near-Infrared Spectra, "Chemomel. Intelligent Lab. Systems44,175-185 (1998). 

Bohac, M., Loeprecht, B., Damborsky, J. and Schiiiirmann, G. (2002) Impact of orthogonal signal correction (OSC) on the predictive ability of CoMFA models for the dilate toxicity of nitrobenzenes. Quant. Struct. -Act. Relat., 21, 3-11. 

Recently, orthogonal signal correction (OSC) was developed (Wold et al., 1998). OSC works in a similar manner as MSC, but differs in one important aspect. The filtering matrix is orthogonalised with respect to the dependent variable, which then assures that no information, which carries information on the dependent variable in the calibration step, is removed. 

Orthogonal signal correction A mathematical technique used to filter unwanted information from spectral data containing information of the sample of interest. OSC ensures that information relevant for the dependent variable (Y-variable) is not removed by orthogonalisation of the filter matrix with respect to the dependent variable. 

M. Padilla, A. Perera, I. MontoUu, A. Chaudry, Drift compensation of gas sensor array data by orthogonal signal correction. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 100(1), 28-35 (2010)... 

We begin with an investigation of binary communications and pulsed radar for both nonorthogonal and orthogonal signaling formats in the vacuum channel. In Section 7.3.9, we examine envelope probability distributions and... 

We consider a number of orthogonal signaling formats— we begin with frequency shift keying (FSK) which is also referred to as PCM/FM. In such a scheme, the frequency of one of the transmitted beams is fixed at the value /j, while the frequency of the other is caused to shift between two values, /j and (not to be confused with the Doppler shiftedconsidered earlier). When a 1(0) is transmitted, the second carrier will be at frequency /ji/ ). The difference frequency will therefore shift between /c=/ —/i and fc=ft f2 (assuming /i The frequencies /i -/lI, IA-ZlI, and I/2-/2I will all lie within the... 

From the graphical data presented in Figs. 7.16, 7.20-7.23, it is clear that orthogonal signaling formats yield better performance than nonorthogonal PCM/IM (this is also the case for direct detection [7.76-78]). Error probabilities... 

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