Origin transformations

Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is capable of inducing cellular transformation, few antibody-producing B lymphocytes display the viral cell surface receptor. Most, therefore, are immune to EBV infection. Even upon successful transformation, most produce low-affinity IgM antibodies, and the cells are often unstable. Having said that, one monoclonal antibody approved for medical use (Humaspect, Table 10.4) is produced by a human lymphoblastoid cell line originally transformed by EBV. 

A second consequence follows from rewriting the original transformation A —> B in terms of alternative chemical reaction pathways that involve the same initial and final states. As depicted in (3.100a), the indirect reaction sequence A —> X —>Y —>Z—>B must have exactly the same overall AH as the direct reaction A —> B,... 

As shown for the 2D case with infinite nucleus mass in Section 111, in this subsection we shall construct the TCM for the collinear eZe case with finite masses and shall elucidate the behavior near triple collisions. We use the McGehee s original transformation [22]. The derivation of the TCM is successive application of tricky transformations to the equations of motion and the energy conservation relation. We do not show all of the derivation. The readers are strongly recommended to consult with Refs. 22 and 29 for details. 

Another original transformation of a 5-nitrouracil into a 5-carbamoylura-cil was observed on treatment of 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrouracil with malona-mide in ethanolic sodium ethoxide. In this case, the N(3)—C(4)—C(5) element of the uracil ring is replaced [81TL2409 84JCS(P1) 1859] (Scheme 141). 

The original transformation is completed by an 8, 2 reaction of the thiolate ion, 3-31, with methyl iodide. 

Epoxide hydrolysis is a valuable synthetic transformation. A number of epoxide hydrolase enzymes are known [37]. One of the most interesting and original transformations described using catalytic antibodies is the intramolecular cyclization of racemic hydroxyepoxide 17 (Scheme 7). This compound normally yields tetrahydrofuran 19a following Baldwin s rule. By contrast a single enantiomer of the disfavored product tetrahydropyran 20 a is obtained using a catalytic antibody raised against A-oxide hapten 16 [38]. The same antibody also catalyzes cyclization of hydroxyepoxide 18 to yield optically enriched oxepane... 

M, where the target schema of M is the source schema of M. The result is a schema mapping M o M that has the same effect as applying first M and then M. For our schema evolution context, M o M combines the original transformation M with the evolution mapping M . 

Apparent interaction terms in the original transform are no longer significant if they were the result of an inappropriate scale. 

Technically, local gauge origins are introduced by non-canonical gauge-origin transformations. A standard canonical gauge-origin transformation of the form... 

Recently, methods similar in spirit to GHT-style methods, but employing a different search strategy to eUm-inate the problems associated with them, have been proposed. These methods first decompose the original transformation into a sequence of elementary stages. At each stage, the value of one transformation parameter... 

Although U = exp(—/ wc ) is used as the unitary operator in the original method, it does not work well in the use of potential V due to the presence of singular points. The application of the original transformation is limited to the case of free electrons (V = 0). For free electrons, this transformation is written as... 

It has been possible to calculate that only 1 out of 120 molecules of DNA in the original transforming principle is responsible for the transformation that induces resistance to streptomycin. 

---