Organophosphoric acids derivatives

Moreover organophosphoric acid esters have found application as insecticides (e.g. Parathion). Some derivatives are highly toxic to man (e.g. Sarin, Soman). The organophosphonates act as inhibitors of the enzyme cholinesterase by phosphorylating it. This enzyme is involved in the proper function of the parasympathetic nervous system. A concentration of 5 x 10 g/L in the air can already cause strong toxic effects to man. 

Organophosphorous compounds have also been used as nucleophiles with unsaturated oxazolones. Initially, Michael reaction of a trialkyl- or dialkylphosphite gives 617 or 619 that undergo subsequent ring opening to yield a 2-acylamino-3-phosphonyl-618 or 2-acylammo-3-phosphinyl-620 derivative of the corresponding carboxylic acid, respectively (Scheme 7.198). ° ... 

Herbicides (not numerous) (Tables 30.4a-d). Organophosphorous herbicides are derived from amino acids, for example,... 

Organophosphorous anticholinesterases (OPs), usually acid anhydride derivatives of phosphoric acid, are among the most toxic substances identified. Originally, OP were developed for use as insecticides, but their extreme toxicity toward higher vertebrates has led to their adoption as weapons of warfare." The OPs most com-... 

Captured chemical weapons comprised hundreds of thousands of tonnes of various contaminants yperite and its derivatives, arsenic-containing compounds (lewisite and so on), chlorine-containing substances (phosgene), hydrocyanic acid, and organophosphorous compounds (tabun). The weapons were stored (both as ready ammunition - aerial bombs, shells, and mines - and in barrels and kegs) in several arsenals in occupied Germany. 

On the basis of the data presented it would be highly desirable to investigate more organoantimony derivatives of carboxylic, organophosphoric, and other acids, with very good chances of discovering new supramolecular, self-organized structures. 

First, when impregnating an acidic ligand (HL) (e.g., organophosphoric [DEHPA] and organothiophosphoric [DEHPTA]) and neutral (TBP, TOPO) derivatives, a polymeric support containing a basic functionality should be selected (e.g., PVP or a weak base ion exchange resins). The acid-base interaction between the extractant and the polymeric support could be described as follows ... 

The application of SIRs in the removal and separation of toxic and heavy metal ions (Zn, Cu, Cd) present in many industrial streams at low levels is presented. Acidic organophosphorous derivatives (DEHPA, Cyanex 272) have been used as active component due to their high affinity and complexing properties with heavy and toxic metal ions and also for their suitable properties in the stripping step. 

---