Organometallic homogeneous

In retrospect, the catalytic reaction following eq. (1) has promoted recognition of organometallic homogeneous catalysis in the bulk-chemicals industry both hydroformylation (Section 2.1.1) and the Wacker ethylene oxidation are key steps in industrial homogeneous catalysis. 

It is generally observed that chemical companies include homogeneous catalysis in their research and production. For example, Ciba-Geigy coimnercialized their first organometallic homogeneous catalytic process (100 tons per year), the synthesis of the herbicide Prosulfuron via the Pd(dba)2-catalyzed Matsuda reaction of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene with an aryldiazonium salt [98]. 

Chiral bisoxazoline associated with palladium is a very efficient organometallic catalyst for the asymmetric allylic alkylation of allylic acetates and carbonates, allowing the formation of carbon-carbon as well as carbon-heteroatom bond in enantiomeric excesses higher than 95%.[1,2] However one of the problems in organometallic homogeneous catalysis is the separation of the catalyst, often toxic and very expensive, from the product(s) of the reaction. Very recently, a chiral fluorous bisoxazoline (Figure 3.1) has been shown to be an efficient ligand in the... 

There are a number of others in common industrial use, such as those used for polymerization of alkenes. One example of an organometallic homogeneous catalyst is the Zr(IV) complex [Zr(CH3)(T 5-Cp)2X], which operates by binding alkene monomers to the metal prior to addition to a growing carbon chain. A similar coordination of substrate is involved in the use of [Co(CO)4H] as catalyst in the hydroformylation of alkenes to aldehydes. Likewise, the [Rh(CO)2l2] ion, formed in situ, catalyses the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid. 

These systems represent a novel class of potential chiral Hgands for organo- and organometallic homogeneous catalysis. It shorrld be underlined... 

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