Organolead , organic compounds

Organolead derivatives prepared in recent years by one or more of the above reactions are the azides 208>, cyanides 123>, fulminates 45>, arsinates 171), sulfides 104>, alkoxides 242>, peroxides 263>, amines 231>, and phosphines, arsines, and stibines 280-281) The alkoxide 105>, hydride 231> and amine 231> derivatives of organolead undergo reaction with various unsaturated organic compounds to form novel organolead compounds, many of which are not synthesizable by other methods. 

A number of organolead(IV) compounds are self-organized into chain structures via lead-nitrogen bonds. Such compounds include chain-like trimethyllead(IV) azide, Me3PbN3 [367, 368], triphenyllead(IV) azide, Ph3PbN3 (Pb- - -N 2.54 A) [369], trimethyllead(IV) cyanide, MesPbCN [370], triphenyllead(IV)cyanate, Ph3PbNCO (Pb-N 2.38 A, Pb-O 2.65 A [371], and dimethyllead(IV) dicyanide. 

Organolead compounds are prepared industrially by an electrolysis process. As the alloy process is the first synthetic reaction of organolead compounds, found by Lowig [1], Shapiro named it the Lowig process at the Symposium of Metal-Organic Compounds in 1957 [8]. It is the reaction of a sodium-lead alloy with organic halides. 

Berg S, Jonsson A. 1984. Analysis of airborne organic lead. In Grandjean P, ed. Biological effects of organolead compounds. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 33-42. 

If we look at the intercomparison studies that have been made on the measurement of lead in seawater [21], two points become obvious first, that almost no one can measure lead accurately in seawater and second, that there is much less lead present than anyone had estimated. With so little lead present in any form, identification of the organic moiety of an organolead compound becomes a major problem. 

The vast majority of measurements of organolead compounds in the environment do not constitute evidence for biomethylation of lead. Most environmental organic lead comes from incomplete combustion or spillage of methyl- or ethyl-lead gasoline additives (viz tetraalkylleads or TALs). A literature search will produce several hundred TAL or ionic alkyllead results, but few of them are evidence for methylation in or by the environment. 

Organolead compounds have been handled quite safely in industry for many years. As in the case of inorganic lead, control measures are well defined, and if they are properly applied, neither inorganic nor organic lead intoxication should develop. 

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