Organochlorine pesticides discharge

The Caspian Sea receives most pollutants from river discharge, mainly due to the Volga River. Recently, the annual quantity of oil hydrocarbons entered into the Caspian Sea with river discharge reaching 55,990 tons, synthetic surfactants, 12,695 tons, and organochlorinated pesticides, 66 tons (Shaporenko, 1997). 

In the past, endrin could have been released to surface water from manufacturing and processing facilities. No information on direct discharges or loadings of endrin into surface water was found. Based on amounts measured in rainfall at various stations in Canada, loading estimates for endrin and a number of other organochlorine pesticides have been attempted for portions of the Great Lakes basin (Strachan... 

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs in Municipal and Industrial Discharges using LLE and GC... 

In 1997, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Governing Council decided that immediate international action should be taken to protect human health and the environment. International negotiations to reduce and eliminate the emission and discharges of an initial set of 12 POPs were initiated at the Stockholm Convention on POPs in May 2001. The 12 substances that were addressed at the Stockholm Convention were aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), chlordane, toxaphene, heptachlor, hex-achlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex. Basic information and status of major organochlorine pesticides in China are summarized in Table 8.1. 

Jackson, G. P. and Andrews, A. R. J., A new fast screening method for organochlorine pesticides in water by using solid-phase microextraction with fast gas chromatographic and a pulsed-discharge electron capture detector. The Analyst, 123, 1085-1090, 1998. 

The evaluation of environmental presence of toxic compounds provides a basis to manage natural water resources in an effective and sustainable manner. Diverse groups of organic chlorinated compounds, eg, organochlorine (OC) pesticides, chlorophenols (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are discharged and their presence and distribution in water environments need to be controlled by means of an environmental risk assessment. 

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