Organization capital

Organisms capitalize on their relationships in a variety of ways, from birds and bees pollinating plants to mollusks taking up cnidocysts from prey. Parasitism is another type of relationship with ancient roots. Ordinarily defined as a —/+ relationship in which one member of a pair, the host, suffers a loss of fitness, while the other member, the parasite, benefits, parasitism may be better understood as a successful relationship in which the benefit/cost ratio reverses itself at the parasite s departure from its host. At that time, the parasite, rather than the host, pays an energetic premium. 

Lash, S. and Urry, J. (1987) The End of Organized Capitalism, Cambridge Polity Press. 

Cycloahphatic amine production economics are dominated by raw material charges and process equipment capital costs. Acetone (isophorone), adiponitnle, aniline, and MDA are all large-volume specification organic intermediates bordering on commodity chemicals. They are each cost-effective precursors. 

Vapor Permeation Vapor permeation is similar to vapor perva-poration except that the feed stream for permeation is a gas. The futnre commercial viability of this process is based npon energy and capital costs savings derived from the feed already being in the vapor-phase, as in fractional distillation, so no additional heat inpnt wonld be req iired. Its foreseen application areas wonld be the organics recov-eiy from solvent-laden vapors and pollntion treatment. One commercial nnit was installed in Germany in 1989 (Ref. 26). 

It must be adaptable as the situations within every organization are different and a uniform product development process will not capitalize on the strengths of individual enterprises or address the weaknesses. 

Any presentation to the organization s senior management, besides giving the technical details, should include a financial appraisal, which could be on a simple payback basis. However, other methods are available, such as return on capital employed and discounted cash flow (DCF). 

The partnership and sole proprietor types of organization are suitable for businesses while they remain small and can be managed and financed by the owners, but as expansion takes place and the business demands more capital, then the ability of relatively small numbers of proprietors to provide additional capital from their own resources becomes increasingly difficult. In the search for additional funds recourse may be had to a variety of institutions such as banks and the specialist companies which have been set up, often by the banks themselves in conjunction with insurance companies and merchant banks, to cater for this need. 

Most organizations will have sets of forms for use in the authorization and control of capital expenditure and these will vary in design and content. A basic guide for such documents would include the following ... 

Names of compounds m small capital Utters indicate substances for which directions are given the numbers m bold face type refer to volumes of Organic Syntheses, numbers in italics refer to pages in those volumes on which preparative directions are given and num bers in Arabic refer to pages on which the compounds or subjects are mentioned in connection with other preparations For example Acetoacetic Ester 4 45 6, 36 indicates... 

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