Organic synthesis advances

Corma, A. and Garcia, H. (2006) Silica-bound homogenous catalysts as recoverable and reusable catalysts in organic synthesis. Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 348 (12-13), 1391-1412. 

Jeffery, T. Recent improvements and developments in Heck-type reactions and their potential in organic synthesis. Advances in Metal-Organic Chemistry A996, 5, 153-260. 

Beall, L. S., Padwa, A. Application of nitrogen ylide cyclizations for organic synthesis. Advances in Nitrogen Heterocycles 1998, 3, 117-158. 

The reaction of carbonyl compounds and allylmetal reagents is an important transformation in organic synthesis. Advances in stereoselective carbonyl allylation reactions have been spurred by interest in the synthesis of polypropionate-derived natural products, carbohydrates and other polyhydroxylated compounds. These reactions are ideally suited for the construction of stereochemically rich acyclic skeletons. Additionally, cyclic polyether-containing natural products, among others, have inspired chemists to investigate ring-closing allylation reactions. This review will focus on recent developments in the allylation reaction, with special emphasis on its application towards the synthesis of natural products. 

Gree, R. Lellouche, J. P. Acyclic Diene Tricarbonyliron Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Advances in Metal-Organic Chemistry. Vol. 4. Liebeskind, L. S., Ed. JAI Greenwich, Connecticut,... 

A further advancement in organic synthesis was the accomplishment of multi-step syntheses comprising 20 and more steps and the synthesis of rather unstable organic compounds. It was now feasible to do an experiment on a milligram scale and to separate and identify products from by-products in order to analyze them separately. The application of selective reagents or reaction conditions allowed the synthesis of enantiomerically or diastereomerically pure compounds. 

B. Giese Radicals in Organic Synthesis Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds (Pergamon Press NY) 1986 Bull. Soc. Chirn. Fr. 1990, 127,675 Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 3073 Tetrahedron 1987, 43, 3541 Advances in Free Radical Chemistry 1990, 1, 121. 

When using the checklist, the reviewer should decide m advance which questions would not be applicable to the toller s operations. For example, the environmental and healthand safety issues associated with a toller that will be used solely to conduct packaging will greatly differ from a of a toller that will be used to perform an organic synthesis step. 

W. Hummel, in New Enzymes for Organic Synthesis. Screening, Supply and Engineering (T. Scheper, ed.) [Advances in Biochemical Engineering. Biotechnology, Vol. 58], p. 145. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997. 

The impact of this science on biology and medicine in particular merits special mention and is becoming more evident as we approach the next century and as the power of organic synthesis increases with new advances in the field. 

The emergence of the powerful Sharpless asymmetric epoxida-tion (SAE) reaction in the 1980s has stimulated major advances in both academic and industrial organic synthesis.14 Through the action of an enantiomerically pure titanium/tartrate complex, a myriad of achiral and chiral allylic alcohols can be epoxidized with exceptional stereoselectivities (see Chapter 19 for a more detailed discussion). Interest in the SAE as a tool for industrial organic synthesis grew substantially after Sharpless et al. discovered that the asymmetric epoxidation process can be conducted with catalytic amounts of the enantiomerically pure titanium/tartrate complex simply by adding molecular sieves to the epoxidation reaction mix-... 

In the fifty or so years since the discovery of a-metalated epoxides, our understanding of their reactivity has advanced to such a level that their use in routine organic synthesis is now possible. Many research groups continue to examine their unusual reaction pathways and to develop these into synthetically useful processes. In contrast, the chemistry of a-metalated aziridines is still in its infancy and there are undoubtedly many interesting facets of their nature still to be explored and applied in organic synthesis. 

Chauhan K. K., Frost C. G. Advances in Indium-Catalysed Organic Synthesis J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 2000 3015-3019... 

Ciobanu M. and Matsumoto K. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis under High Pressure Liebigs Ann. der Chem. 1997 623-635... 

Bremner D. H. Recent Advances in Organic Synthesis Utilizing Ultrasound Ultra-son. Sonochem. 1994 1 S119-S124... 

This chapter has taken the reader through a number of microwave-assisted methodologies to prepare and further functionalize 2-pyridone containing heterocycles. A survey of inter-, intramolecular-, and pericyclic reactions together with electrophilic, nucleophilic and transition metal mediated methodologies has been exemplified. Still, a number of methods remain to be advanced into microwave-assisted organic synthesis and we hope that the smorgasbord of reactions presented in this chapter will inspire to more successful research in this area. 

---