Organic reactions entropy change

The overall enthalpy and entropy changes for the distribution reaction (i.e., transfer of the metal complex from the aqueous to the organic phase) can be obtained from the temperature dependence of A r according to... 

This is a strongly endothermic process, but it becomes possible at high temperature due to a favorable entropy change - formation of the random vapor state from solid reactants. Such reactions provide another reason for the lower flame temperatures achieved when organic binders are added to oxidizer/metal mixtures [3]. 

Any organic reaction will have associated with it a change in enthalpy (AH), entropy (A5), and free energy (AG). The principles of thermodynamics assure us that... 

If the entropy of the products is more than that of the reactants (A ys > 0), the total entropy change (A5,y, -t A5s n.) will be positive (Figure 20.11 A). For example, in the oxidation of glucose, an essential reaction for all higher organisms,... 

Significant effects due to HI were found in kinetic studies of organic reactions. For example, hydrolysis reactions in dilute (< 5 mol%) aqueous solutions of simple alcohols have been examined in detail.The reactants are usually better stabilized by HI than the activated complexes leading to rate retardations. The kinetic effects increase with increasing hydrophobicity of the alcohols (EtOH < n-PrOH < t-BuOH). The cosolvent-induced changes in the isobaric activation parameters reflect entropy-driven reactant-alcohol interactions. 

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