Organic hydroxyls

Figure 25.2 Reaction of isocyanate and organic hydroxyl to form a urethane linkage...

Polyurethane propellants derive their name from a rubbery matrix which is formed through the reaction of organic, hydroxyl-carrying... 

This anion is a typical reagent for organic hydroxylation. Many such reactions have ion radical mechanisms according to which an inorganic anion transfers an electron to an organic... 

The one-step synthesis of a,co-hydroxylated dimers of 1,3-dienes or maleic acid uses alcohol (t-butanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, ethanol)/H202/FeS04 as a catalyst 72 73>. Organic hydroxylated radicals are generated from the alcohol by hydrogen abstraction ... 

We shall find later that there are other groups of organic hydroxyl compounds known which are not alcohols. They are not, however, simple alkyl hydroxides. 

VI 0 OH, UjO, borates and polyborates, silicate and polysilicates, borosilicates and aluminosilicates, columbates, tantalates, P04 ", As04 , antimonates, antimonites, aisenites, germanates, germanites, V04 , Cr04 , Mo04 , W04, S04 , COj , NOj", selenate, selenite, tellurate, tellurite, iodate, organic hydroxyl and carboxylate... 

In the atmosphere, there are three reactants that determine the rate of degradation of organics hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nitrate radicals. The hydroxyl radical is by far the most important, since it reacts with most organics, with the exception of fully halogenated compounds (no hydrogen to abstract). Ozone is important for only a small group of compoimds, i.e., acetylenics and olefins. Nitrate radicals are only important at night and only react rapidly with a few classes of chemicals (e.g., phenols, mercaptans). 

Glyceryl ethers are formed by the reaction of an epoxide compound with an organic hydroxyl compound as seen in Figure 8.1. The epoxide compounds, which can be used for this reaction, include alkylene oxides, epihalohydrins, nitro epoxide compounds, epoxide ethers, and epoxide thioethers. There are many types of hydroxyl compounds that can be used the most used in industry includes primary alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, and branched alcohols. The types of catalyst used for this reaction include acid acting compounds and metal halides such as sulfuric acid and stannic chloride, respectively. ... 

Hydrophobicity Literally, water-hating. Ability of a material which cannot be wetted by water they are usually terminated with nonpolar organics Hydroxyl -OH terminal group... 

According to Baumann (165), polysilicic acid combines with organic hydroxylated compounds if the OH group has a dissociation constant greater than 10 and especially with polyfunctional compounds if steric considerations permit the oxygen to come into contact with the silica. This presumably refers to hydrogen bonding. 

Phosphates, arsenates, oxalates, tartrates, and other organic hydroxyl compounds, fluorides, and many compounds which give stable complex salts with iron III, can, according to the proportion present, so reduce the concentration of ferric ions that the ionic product necessary for the color reaction is not reached. Even considerable amounts of iron may then fail to be detected by the sensitive thiocyanate reaction. The same interference occurs when great amounts of mercury salts are present because they form slightly dissociated mercuric thiocyanate or double thiocyanates, e.g. Ka[Hg(CNS)J, and thus consume the thiocyanate ions. 

Hydroxyl radicals damage the mitochondrial (chromoplastic), microsomal (peroxysomal) and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The damage associated with many degenerative processes (diseases) includes certain forms of cancer and occurs even during the normal aging of organisms. Hydroxyl radicals operate mainly at the place of formation, where they attack unsaturated fatty acid (RH) bound in the membrane phospholipids. Unsaturated fatty... 

Bartusek, M. and Sustacek, V. (1983) Chelates of vanadium(V) with organic hydroxyl compounds in aqueous solutions. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 48, 2785—2797. 

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