Organic functionalization of mesoporous

Whilton NT, Berton B, Bronstein L, Henze H, Antonietti M (1999) Organized functionalization of mesoporous silica supports using prefabricated metal-polymer modules. Adv Mater 11 1014-1018... 

Figure 8.6 Strategies for the organic functionalization of mesoporous materials.

Radu, D. R. Lai, C.-Y Huang, J. Shu, X. Lin, V. S. Y, Fine-tuning the degree of organic functionalization of mesoporous silica nanosphere materials via an interfacially designed co-condensation method. Chemical Communications (10), 1264-1266, 2005. 

The number of publications concerning utilization of the EISA process for fabrication of different structured materials is counted in the hundreds, which is far beyond the possibilities of this chapter to review in depth. Rather, we intend to provide a brief introduction into EISA and its application to the fabrication of functional thin films for electronic applications (e.g., electro-chromic layers and solar cells), with a special focus on fabrication of crystalline mesoporous films of metal oxides. Attention will also be given to techniques used to evaluate the pore structure of the thin films. For the other aspects of the EISA process, for example its mechanism,4 strategies for preparation of crystalline porous metal oxides,5 mesoporous nanohybrid materials,6 periodic organic silica materials,7,8 or postgrafting functionalization of mesoporous framework,9 we kindly recommend the reader to refer to the referenced comprehensive reviews. 

Although micro- and not mesoporous but worth mentioning in any case is a new class of materials in this evolution series of porous silica-based hybrid materials, the so-called ZOLs (zeolites with organic group as lattice). As we will see, many studies in the past focused on the organic functionalization of amorphous silica porous... 

Figure 3.7 Grafting (postsynthetic functionalization) for organic modification of mesoporous pure silica phases with terminal organotrialkoxysilanes of the type (R 0)3SiR. R = organic functional group.

Figure 16.4 Incorporation of organic functionalities into mesoporous silica by (a) co-condensation of organotrialkoxysilanes, (b) co-condensation of bis(trialkoxysilyl)organics, and (c) postsynthesis grafting of organotrialkoxysilanes.

Figure 8.47 Incorporation of organic functions in mesoporous silica (a) Surface grafting of organic functions on the mesopore walls by post-synthesis direct incorporation of organic functions by co-condensation of organosilanes (b) or bridging silasesquioxanes (c). Reproduced with permission from [51]. Copyright (2002) American Chemical Society...

Several laboratories have developed the methods of mesoporous silica surface functionalization with simultaneous removal of the surfactant and grafting of organic functionalities without prior calcination. A convenient and highly controllable approach to the surface functionalization of mesoporous silica[221] employs an alcoholic solution of... 

Another approach for the functionalization of mesoporous material is the PMO. It is a special type of mesoporous organosilica with integrating organic groups (R) such as (R 0)3-Si-R-Si-(0R)j (R = methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, tris[3-(trimethoxysilyljpropyljisocyanurate, porphyrin, and so on) inside the siliceous walls. 

Sol-gel processing forms the basis for various routes employed for the fabrication of a wide diversity of functional materials. To impart a structural organization at various length scales, the syntheses are performed using templates. Most consist of a self-organized ensemble of surfactants and co-polymers [1-10]. They have been successfully applied to control the geometry and dimensions of pores that are periodically arranged as in the initial structures. Mesoporous silica materials of the MCM family, which were first synthesized by a team from the Mobil oil company [11,12], are a well-known example. 

Organic Functionalized Mesoporous Materials and Site-Isolation of Functional Groups... 

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