Organic Eosin

ZnO-based organic (eosin) inorganic hybrid semiconductor compounds have been grown heteroepitaxially in one step at low temperature by a simple electrochemical method from an oxygenated zinc chloride aqueous solution [163]. 

Cyclic crudes, coal tar product of coal tar distillation Cyclic intermediates, made in chemical plants Cyclohexane Diphenylamine Drug dyes, synthetic Dye (cyclic) intermediates Dyes, food synthetic Dyes, synthetic organic Eosine toners Ethylbenzene Hydroquinone Isocyanates Lake red C toners Leather dyes and stains, synthetic... 

Sunlight is a clean and inexhaustible energy source and its combination with orgrgen for selective C-H functionalization has attracted considered interest in recent years (Scheme 9.28). iV-Aryl THIQs were recognized as model substrates to evaluate photocatalysts such as Au(in)-carbene, Pt(ii)-terpyridyl, Pd(ii)-porphyrin, ° and organic eosin... 

Aliphatic amines have been determined by a number of methods. Batley et al. [290] extracted the amines into chloroform as ion-association complexes with chromate, then determined the chromium in the complex colorimetri-cally with diphenylcarbazide. The chromium might also be determined, with fewer steps, by atomic absorption. With the colorimetric method, the limit of detection of a commercial tertiary amine mixture was 15ppb. The sensitivity was extended to 0.2 ppb by extracting into organic solvent the complex formed by the amine and Eosin Yellow. The concentration of the complex was measured fluorometrically. Gas chromatography, with the separations taking place on a modified carbon black column, was used by Di Corcia and Samperi [291] to measure aliphatic amines. 

To obtain tissue preparations whose constituents were maintained as closely as possible to their state in vivo, the material had to be fixed, i.e. the enzymes inactivated so that cell structures were instantaneously preserved, an almost unattainable ideal. Formalin was the favored fixative, but others (e.g. picric acid), were also employed. Different methods of fixation caused sections to have different appearances. Further artifacts were introduced because of the need to dehydrate the preparations so that they could be stained by dyes, many of which were lipid-soluble organic molecules. Paraffin wax was used to impregnate the fixed, dehydrated material. The block of tissue was then sectioned, originally by hand with a cut-throat razor, and later by a mechanical microtome. The sections were stained and mounted in balsam for examination. Hematoxylin (basophilic) and eosin (acidophilic) (H and E staining) were the commonest stains, giving blue nuclei and pink cytoplasm. Eosinophils in the blood were recognized in this way. 

Figure 14.2. Chemical structures of some commonly used organic fluorescent probes 1, fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) 2, tetramethylrhodamine-5-isothiocyanate (TRITC) 3, 5-carboxyrhodamine B 4, rhodamine X isothiocyanate (XRITC) 5, malachite green isothiocyanate 6, eosin-5-isothiocyanate 7, 1-pyreneisothiocyanate 8, 7-dimethylaminocoumarin-4-acetic acid 9, CY5.180Su.

For morphological analyses, internal organs of mice were fixed in 10.0% neutral formalin they were processed by the standard histological technique and paraffin sections were stained in haematoxylin and eosin. Changes in internal organs of mice were assessed by a semi-quantitative method with divisions into four gradations (points) — not detected (0), l-t, 2+, 3-I-. 

Mixtures of minium with other colours or with white substances, heightened in colour by artificial organic dyes (usually eosin, cochineal scarlet, crocein, ponceau and the like), or, in some cases, white substances (barium sulphate) coloured with lakes of artificial organic dyes, are often sold as imitations or substitutes of cinnabar and vermilion. 

Its most frequent adulterations axe with starch, clay, ochre, talc, chalk, minium and lakes of artificial organic dyestuffs (e.g., that of eosin with lead and alumina, of peonin or corallin with baryta, or of Biebrich s scarlet with oxide of tin). 

This solution may also be employed in the test for bromine. If iodine has been found, add further additional quantities of sodium nitrite solution, warm and by means of a dropper pipette remove and replace the organic phase with fresh portions of dichloromethane repeat until the organic phase is colourless. Boil the acid solution until no more nitrous fumes are evolved and cool. Add a small amount of lead dioxide, place a strip of fluorescein paper (1) across the mouth of the tube and warm. If bromine is present, it will colour the test paper rose-pink (eosin is formed). If iodine has been found to be absent use 1 ml of the fusion solution, acidify strongly with glacial acetic acid, add lead dioxide and proceed as above. 

A closely related organized microheterogeneous system has been composed of a Si02 colloid on which a Pd catalyst is immobilized, and the photosystem includes eosin, Eo2 (2), as photosensitizer, iV,A -dibenzyl-4,4 -(3,3 -dimethyl)bipyridinium, BMV2+ (15), as electron relay and TEOA as electron donor [137]. In a... 

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