Solubility of organic molecules

Klopman G, S Wang and D M Balthasar 1992. Estimation of Aqueous Solubility of Organic Molecule by the Group Contribution Approach. Application to the Study of Biodegradation. Journal c Chemical Information and Computer Science 32 474-482. 

In addition, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is also an important soil solution solute affecting speciation and bioavailability of many trace elements in soil solution. Many trace elements and heavy metals complex with dissolved organic carbon. This is especially important in arid and semi-arid environments since high soil pH increases the solubility of organic molecules and accordingly increases concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in soil solution. 

D. M., Estimation of aqueous solubility of organic molecules by the group contribution approach. Application... 

Klopman, G., Wang, S., Balthasar, D. M. (1992) Estimation of aqueous solubility of organic molecules by the group contribution approach. Application to the study of biodegradation. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 32, 474-482. 

Taft RW, Abraham MW, Doherty RM, Kamlet MJ (1985) The molecular properties governing solubilities of organic molecules in water. Nature 315 384-386. 

D.5.5. Solubility of Organic Molecules. The miscibility of ionic liquids with organic solvents was measured qualitatively by mixing equal volumes of the two (23). Table III provides a guide (which is only rough) to the selection of a solvent. 

Appendix B Solubility of Organic Molecules in Water Using a Surface Tension-Cavity Model System... 

There are some ions with an effect on the water spectra like a T-reduction, these ions have the largest salt-out effect on the solubility of organic molecules in... 

The smallness of the ion effect on the water spectra is contradictry to the large effects by ions on the solubility of organic molecules in water. The apparent paradox can be easily understood by the simple water model. At room T the content of orientation defects is not very sensitive to the expansion of H-bond systems12,49 ... 

Fig. 18. Logarithm of the solubility of organic molecules in water at 25 °C as a function of the molecular diameter in A. (Figure from87 )...

The section on solubility has been expanded to emphasize the role of hydrogen bonding and molecular size in the role of water solubility of organic molecules. 

Micelles are approximately spherical aggregates of surfactant molecules with their nonpolar tails in the interior and their hydrophilic ends oriented towards the aqueous medium. They are some 50-100 A in diameter. The bulk concentration of surfactant is usually around 0.1 M and this corresponds to approximately I o micelles per milliliter of aqueous phase, since there are typically about 50-100 emulsifier molecules per micelle. The apparent water solubility of organic molecules is enhanced by micellar surfactants, because the organic molecules are absorbed into the micelle interiors. The extent of this solubilization of organic molecules depends on the surfactant type and concentration, the nature of the solubilized organic substance, and the concentration of electrolytes in the aqueous phase. As an example, there will be about an equal number of styrene molecules and potassium hexadecanoate (palmitate) molecules in a micelle of the latter material. In this case about half the volume of the micelle interior is occupied by solubilized monomer, and the concentration of styrene is approximately 4.5 M at this site. Thus radical polymerization starts very rapidly in the interior of a micelle once it is initiated there. 

Solubility of organic molecules in various solvents depends on the relative sizes of their polar and nonpolar portions. 

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