Organic Electrolytes for EDLCs

FIGURE 2.26 Ragone-type plots for CDCs TiC (O), TiC/SiC ( ), TiC/TiOj (A), and SiC ( commercial ACs for supercapacitors Super DLC-30 (v) and Picactif SC ( + ) mesopo-rous carbon MP-55 (s s). The data correspond to the carbon mass in the capacitor. (Reprinted from Electrochimica Acta, 53, Fernandez, J. A. et al., EDLC performance of carbide-derived carbons in aprotic and acidic electrolytes, 7111-7116, Copyright 2008, with permission from Elsevier.) 

FIGURE 2.28 Concentration profiles of TEA+ cations and BF4 anions near electrodes with charge densities of (a) -0.04 C nr and (b) -0.105 C m . (Feng, G. et al. 2010. Structure and dynamics of electrical double layers in organic electrolytes. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 12 5468-5479. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.) 

FIGURE 2.29 Snapshots and distribution of PC molecules and electrolytes along the pore width, (a) Pure PC and (b) Et4NBp4-PC solution corresponding to 0.5 M bulk solution. The coordinate z along the pore width is shown by an arrow. (Reprinted with permission from Takana, A. et al. 2010. Effect of a quaternary ammonium salt on propylene carbonate structure in slit-shape carbon nanopores. Journal of the American Chemical Society 132 2112-2113. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society.) 

5 and 9.0 in the bulk electrolyte, respectively, and were slightly decreased in the 

FIGURE 2.30 (a) Molecular distribution of Et4N, BFi, and PC in the perpendicular direction against a pore wall for w = 0.7-2.0 nm (left), and snapshots (right), (b) Solvation numbers of Et4N+ and BF4 as a function of nanopore width. Dashed lines represent solvation numbers in the bulk. (Reprinted with permission from Ohba, T., and K. Kaneko. 2013. Competition of desolvation and stabilization of organic electrolytes in extremely narrow nanopores. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117 17092-17098. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.) 

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