Orange water phase

However, complete hydrolysis of carotenoid esters sometimes is not achieved in 1 to 3 hr. The saponification degree can be verified easily by the presence of carotenol ester peaks eluting later than the peaks of P-carotene on reversed phase columns. Retinol palmitate, added as an internal standard to orange juice, also serves to indicate whether saponification is complete, since it is converted to retinol which elutes at lower retention time. The mixture is subsequently washed with water until free of alkali in a separatory funnel. Other more polar solvents such as CH2CI2 or EtOAc, and diethyl ether alone or mixtured with petroleum ether can be used to increase the recovery of polar xanthophylls from the water phase. 

Liquid/liquid partition chromatography was explored by Willstatter from 1913. The process was extensively developed by Martin and Synge (ca. 1941-1948) who partitioned amino acid derivatives between chloroform and water using precipitated silica as support for the aqueous phase. The preparations of silica were again very variable and it was difficult to prevent adsorption which interfered with the expected behavior of the aminoacids. At first methyl orange was added to the water phase to visualize the amino acids the separation of the acids then caused a red band to move down the columns. The quantitative reaction with ninhydrin was introduced by Moore and Stein in 1948 for both the detection and estimation of the amino acids. Consid-... 

C). The pale orange organic phase is washed twice with 40 mL of water, then... 

For rhodium, several studies concerning the use of amphiphilic ligands have been reported. Rhodium catalysts derived from tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine achieve selective hydroformylation of 1-hexene both in a homogeneous acetophenone system and, at a much lower rate, in a two-phase water/1-hexene system [13]. Attempts to extract the rhodium complex from the homogeneous system with water were not successful the use of HC1 or HBF4 resulted in rapid evolution of H2 and about half the rhodium could not be extracted from the orange, organic phase. 

The iodine produced is more soluble in the (lower) chloroform phase, in which it is easily recognized by the color. One should not be confused by the orange-red appearance of the water phase this is given by the dichromate ion. 

You are presented a two-phase system. The two liquids are immiscible. The top phase is blue and the bottom, orange. One phase is water. Please devise an experiment to definitively differentiate which phase is water. 

Spectroscopic studies were performed on water in supercritical CO2 microemulsions using an ammonium carboxylate PFPE surfactant (24). FTIR spec-toscopy was used to identify a bulk water phase within the microemulsion capable of solubilizing ionic species and supporting inorganic reactions. In addition, the UV-visible spectrum of the solvatochromic probe methyl orange indicated three microenvironments within the microemulsions (a) a polar microenvironment like that found in dry PFPE reverse micelles (b) bulk water microenvironment and (c) an acidic microenvironment due to CO2 dissolved in water. 

A solution prepared of 19-methanesulfonate (68b 2.45 g) and buffered acetolysis solution (120 ml) is heated at 100° for 16 hr. The product (2.17 g of orange oil) is isolated by ether extraction in the following manner. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and shaken with a mixture of ether (600 ml) and water (1 liter). The aqueous phase is separated and extracted with ether (600 ml). The ether solutions are washed separately with water (two and three 500 ml portions respectively) then combined and... 

R-(-)-Phenylglycinol (5 g, 36.5 mmol) was added to a solution of Zincke salt 115 (10.3 g, 33.3 mmol) in n-butanol (100 mL) at 20 °C. The resulting deep red solution was refluxed during 20 h. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure left a residue that was treated with HpO (70 mL). The precipitate (2,4-dinitroaniline hydrochloride) was eliminated by filtration, and the operation was repeated twice. The combined aqueous phase was basified with concentrated ammonia (5 mL) and washed twice with EtOAc (200 mL) in order to remove the remaining 2,4-dinitroaniline and the excess of R- )-phenylglycinol. Evaporation of water gave salt 122 (7.53 g, 86%) as a pale orange gum. 

---