Opto-active materials

This chapter provides a broad summary of recent research activity in the area of CPEs. It is evident that there is great enthusiasm in the conducting polymers community for CPEs. These materials provide a unique opportunity to explore the interactions between electro- and photoactive conjugated polymers with water-borne species such as metal ions and biological macromolecules, including proteins and DNA. Moreover, the ability to use the materials in LbL self-assembly affords researchers a tool for fabrication of heterostructured films of opto- and electronically active materials. This ability has not been easily possible with conventional conjugated polymers that are processed fi om organic solvents. 

The results obtained demonstrate that the metathesis polycondensation of different substituted p-divinylbenzenes is a suitable method to produce PV-oligomers with excellent properties. These products are valuable as model substances for the corresponding polymers as well as active materials for the opto-electronical usements. 

The varied devices previously discussed may be combined with other active or passive circuit elements to make integrated circuits. The major of ICs using III-V materials are Digital ICs, monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and opto-electronic integrated circuits (OEICs). 

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