Optically detected magnetic resonance fluorescence

W. C. Galley, Heterogeneity in protein emission spectra, in Concepts of Biochemical Fluorescence Vol. 2 (R. F. Chen and H. Edelhoch, eds.), pp. 409-439, Marcel Dekker, New York (1976).32. S.-Y. Mao and A. H. Maki, Comparative phosphorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance studies of fatty acid binding to serum albumin, Biochemistry 26, 3576-3582 (1987). 

Reports on chlorophyll fluorescence,404-408 phosphorescence,409 and photochemiluminescence 410 411 have been published. The properties of the triplet state of chlorophyll have been studied by e.s.r.412-416 and by optically detected magnetic resonance.416 417... 

Scientists have used a wide arsenal of analytical techniques to monitor chemical and physical transformations of polymers following exposure to laser radiation, among which UV-Vis absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy for detection of free radicals, GC/MS analysis, FTIR for detection of various functional groups and bonds, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the chemical composition of surfaces, optical, and fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface topography, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for in situ mass loss measurements, and so forth. 

UV spectra were obtained with a Varian spectrometer (Cary 15 and 17). Fluorescence, phosphorescence spectra, and the zero-field splitting parameters D and E of the triplet state were determined at 1.3K with an apparatus (31) for optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) which was similar to the one described by Zuclich et al. (32). 

There have been a number of important developments in light-based detection for CE since the previous edition of this work was published. For example, multichannel detection has become more common for absorbance as well as fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are now viable detection modes. Thus, while the purpose of this chapter is to describe the instrumentation and performance of more common optical detectors, newer methods are presented throughout. 

In addition to this quantitative information, it is also possible to obtain qualitative information about an analyte, such as the presence or absence of specific functional groups and their relative locations or orientations. A subset of the available optical detection methods are capable of providing this information, such as multiwavelength UV-Vis absorbance or fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopies these techniques will be discussed in more detail in this chapter. 

Remarkably, laser-microwave DR spectroscopy was also applied to large biomolecules. The investigations concentrated on the electronic structure and excited state dynamics of fluorescent organic systems via optical detection of magnetic resonance in the triplet state. Plenty of work was also performed utilizing classical light sources (see, e.g.. Ref. 167). 

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