Optical properties electrochromism

Optics Electrochromic displays, optical filters (windows with adjustable transparency), materials with non-linear optical properties... 

Iridium as an electrode material has received considerable attention in the last decade not only because of its excellent catalytic properties but also in relation to the electrochromic effect observed for anodic iridium oxide films (AIROF). Electrochromism of iridium was thought to be of technical relevance for display applications and triggered several studies of the electrochemical and optical properties of AlROFs [67, 85-88],... 

Metal complexes as dyes for optical data storage and electrochromic materials (R.J. Mortimer, N.M. Rowley) Non-linear optical properties of metal complexes (B. Coe)... 

Ozer, N. 2001. Optical properties and electrochromic characterization of sol-gel deposited ceria films. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 68 391-400. 

Rare-earth bisphthalocyaninates, especially LuPc2, are one of the important objects of intense investigation because of their electrochemical (electrochromic effect), electrical, and optical properties. The ball-type four t-butyl-calix[4]arene bridged double decker lutetium(III) and indium(III) Pcs have also been prepared, Fig. 3 [42],... 

Electrochromism is the property of a material or a system to change its optical properties (color) reversibly if an external potential is applied. It is associated with ion insertion/extraction processes, which can be presented schematically by ... 

Powell, C.E., Cifuentes, M.P., Morrall, J.P., Stranger, R., Humphrey, M.G., Samoc, M., Luther-Davies, B., Heath, G.A. OrganometalUc complexes for nonlinear optics. 30. Electrochromic Unear and nonlinear optical properties of alkynylbis(diphosphine)ruthenium complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 602-610 (2003)... 

The phenomenon of electrochromism can be defined as the change of the optical properties of a material due to the action of an electric field. The field reversal allows the return to the original state. In practice, when the material is polarized in an electrochemical cell, the change of colour is conelated to the insertion/extrac-tion of small ions H" ", Li" ". This insertion/extraction is monitored by the passage from cathodic to anodic polarization which allows to go from bleached (or coloured) state to coloured (or bleached) one. This property belongs to all (or almost all) transition metal oxides it corresponds to the change of valency of the cation Ni "> Ni " O . .. accompanied... 

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OPTIC AND ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF PANI FILMS... 

Electrochromism is the reversible change in optical properties that occurs when a material is electrochemically oxidized or reduced [224], This working definition includes a change in optical properties anywhere in the solar (and even in some cases the microwave) range. In addition to the active electrochromic layer, a device consists of an electrolyte and a counter electrode, which may or may not be electrochromic. The electrolyte should be a good ionic conductor and electrically insulating in order to be nonvolatile. 

Electrochromism is the reversible change in optical properties of a material caused by redox reactions. The redox reactions can be initiated when the material is placed on the surface of an electrode. When the electro-chromic material is capable of showing several colors, it is addressed as polyelectrochromic. 

The interest in intercalation reactions stems from different motivations. From a preparation point of view they provide routes for the systematic synthesis of new solids with kinetic rather than thermodynamic stability that cannot be obtained by other preparation techniques [11, 13], Furthermore, they permit controlled systemic modifications of chemical as well as physical properties, including electronic, magnetic and optical properties. From an application viewpoint, they are of importance in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, non-emissive electrochromic displays, and so forth [4, 14],... 

Electro-optic effects describe a change in optical properties arising from an applied electric field. This can include changes in colour or optical absorption, characteristic of electrochromic materials (Section 9.6), or a change in refractive index. In perovskites, it is this latter effect that is important. These crystals have been used in electro-optic devices to modulate the phase, the amplitude or the polarisation of a light beam traversing the medium and so function as shutters and other components in optical/electronic circuits. 

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