Optical properties consolidation

The approaches belonging to the first category clearly allow the fabrication of very broad area MEF substrates with fast and well-consolidated techniques borrowed from the fifty-year old experienced fabrication of integrated circuits. On the other hand, no precise local control of the roughness of the metal film can be obtained, and therefore the overall enhanced fluorescence is determined by the surface optical properties averaged on the whole detection area. 

A two-step pressing method was reported to be able to significantiy improve the optical properties of alumina ceramics with SPS at high heating rates [69]. In this case, commercial alumina powder could be consolidated at 1150 °C at a heating... 

Consolidant A consolidant is a solid material that changes the properties of a porous object by filling the pores or joining the particles. A consolidant is usually used for strengthening, but can also change the optical properties or the hydrophobicity. 

Ceramics are studied and used for such places that are subject to high temperatures, but many others have a variety of nses. Ceramics is dehned as an inorganic, nonmetallic material processed or consolidated at high temperatnres. Ceramics includes silicates, oxides, carbides, nitrides, snlhdes, and borides of metal or metalloid. The traditional ceramics are mostly silicates as discnssed earlier and nsed as a pot or similar purposes. But today ceramics are pursued as material for high-temperature, electric properties such as ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, magnetic properties, high mechanical properties, and optical properties. In a word, they are pnrsned as HIGH-TECH material. 

Another important consideration that attributes to the rapid increase in the use of the CAPAD technique is the improved properties of materials processed by this method. A wide range of enhanced properties has been reported for materials consolidated by the CAPAD method including, for example, improved optical properties,electrical and mechanical properties. There are also some investigations on enhanced superplasticity in ceramics through processing by CAPAD. 

The desired, in-use properties (i.e., mechanical, electrical, dielectric, optical, thermal, physical, and magnetic) of a ceramic are generally only realized after a dense, cohesive body is produced by thermal consolidation. The properties of a finished ceramic body are largely dependent on the degree of densification achieved and the microstructure produced during thermal consolidation consequently, thermal consolidation is one of the most critical steps in ceramic processing. 

Suspensions of colloidal particles are widely used in a number of processing steps in practical applications processing of ceramics (Lewis, 2000), in consumer products, in paints and inks, and in the production ofphotonic band gap crystals for optical applications (Braun, 1999, 2001). Suspensions offer imique advantages because particle interactions can be tuned to achieve desired properties. The result is, suspensions can be produced that are easily pumped, settle rapidly, can be shaped, dried and sintered, and easily consolidated. While the details of how these properties are achieved will vary with the chemistry of the solid and fluid phases of interest, the imderlying physical chemistry of the colloidal state will be common between different materials thus offering general guidelines on how to achieve the desired properties. 

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