Optical microscopy, surface treatment

In this section, the thin-film formation of OPVs is investigated with optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the case of Oocl-OPV5, this has been supplemented with surface imaging by means of atomic force microscopy. It is demonstrated how an annealing treatment of the films alter deposition influences... 

Optical microscopy can be used to characterize the surface of the charred residue after heat treatment. As an example, Figure 10.18 compares the optical microscopy of virgin PU coatings with that of fire-retarded coatings. Whereas cracks are observed on the surface in the case of PU, large... 

Figure 2.4 (a) Structure of P(NIPAM-co-AAc). (b) Schematic diagram showing hydrogels functionalised with biotin and aminobenzophenone, adsorbed to a surface. Anti-biotin crosslinks are formed to control degree of swelling at the surface. Optical microscopy images (c) before treatment with biocytin, (d) after treatment with biocytin (scale bar — 2 im). 

Aramid fibers were subjeeted to a variety of surfaee treatments to improve the interfaeial stress transfer between a thermoplastie matrix and the treated fiber eomposite. Analytical techniques to characterize the effect of surface treatment included DSC, Optical Microscopy, AFM and micromechanical analysis using Raman spectroscopy. Correlations between the different analysis methods were identified. It was found that plasma modified and chloride grafted fibers had the largest degrees of transcrystallinity, highest nucleation rates and greatest interfaeial shear strength between fiber and matrix. 

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