Optical micrographs growing

Fig. 6. Patterning of polythiophene growth on silicon (a) scanning Auger image (with representative line scan) of sulphur on a patterned thienyl terminated surface made via the photooxidation patterning approach discussed in the text, (b) schematic of photoelec-trochemical polymerization on patterned surface and (c) optical micrograph of surface after polymerization to grow 50 nm polythiophene film. Adapted from [52],...

On the other hand, under subcritical load of long duration, when the crack does not grow, an increasing craze size (see Sect. 3.1) indicates that bulk material is fibrillated without any detectable synchronous fibril failure as shown by the interference optical micrographs in Fig. 3.27b taken in a time interval of 3.4 10 s during... 

FIGURE 3.14. Optical micrographs of Akj3 (A) as deposited on glass and (B) after annealing. (C) is the annealed sample viewed between crossed polarizers. At defects such as cracks, crystallites grow with spherical symmetry. In the homogeneous areas of the him, approximately one-dimensional crystals are visible. 

Fig. 7.2 Optical micrographs showing the reactor filled with a Fe/AbOs catalyst (1 g) and the same after growing carbon nanotubes under a mixture of C2H6/H2 at 680°C for 2h. The carbon yield was about 6000wt.% with respect to the iron catalyst weight.

Fig. 1. Optical micrographs (crossed polaroids) of spherulites growing in thin films of PEO/PMMA blends of various compositions a) PEO/PMMA 90/10, Tp = 53 C b) PEO/PMMA 80/20,...

Finite L Optical micrographs of time evolution ofdeformed circular rims with nodes. The growing nodes form a fingering pattern. Scale bar is 10pm. 

Fig. 11.5. Optical micrographs (A—D) and AFM images (El—F) obtained for crystallization in a 97 nm thick film, taken after growing the crystal for 893 min at 55° C at a rate of about 0.7 Hm/min (along the diagonal) and then quenching the sample to room temperature. The images have the following sizes A) 865 X 650 tm, (B)-(D) 174 X 131 (tm, (E) 70 x 70 pm, and (F) 40 x 40 pm. At this thickness the fighter parts in A D light blve) are thicker than the darker dark blue) ones...

Fig. 11.11. (A) Optical micrograph of an about 70 nm thick film taken after growing the crystal for 66 hours at 40° C and then quenching the sample to room temperature. (B) and (C) AFM images (left topography and right phase) of the same crystal. (D) AFM image (left topography and right phase) of spirals formed in a 50 nm thick film, crystallized for 72 hours at 55° C. The size of the images is (A) 290 X 218 lm (B) 15 X 15 lm (C) 5.5 X 5.5 lm (D) 15 X 15...

Figure 9.23 Optical micrograph of a barium titanate single crystal growing into a polycrystalline matrix after annealing for 20 h at 1300°C. (From Ref 36.)...

FIG. 59 Optical micrograph iPPMA spherulites growing on a NaOH-extracted fiber. 

Moreover, the increase of in composites with respect to the neat matrix can be attributed to the nucleating ability of the cellulosic fiber on the polymeric material as was observed by means of optical microscopy. For this purpose, in Fig. 59 an optical micrograph of iPPMA spherulites growing on a NaOH extracted fiber is reported. The figure shows a pronounced nucleating effect of the cellulosic fiber on the polypropylenic matrix. It is possible to note that the radius of the bulk crystallized spherulites and of the fiber nucleated spherulites seem to be comparable in their dimensions, so that only the nucleation and not the growth process is influenced by the presence of cellulosic fiber. 

Figure 7.4 (a) Optical micrographs of HK-2 cells growing on PMMA nanofibers at... 

Figure 12.34 Optical micrograph showing (a) the growing transcrystalline zone (indicated by a white arrow) of iPP at the carbon fiber (center black part) surface, and (b) a sketch illustrating its nucleation and crystal growth processes. Lotz and Wittmann [94]. Reproduced with permission of American Chemical Society.

Figure 12.36 (a) Optical micrograph showing the growing transcrystalline layer of iPP on an iPP fiber surface and (b) a magnified scanning... 

Fig. 4.14 A single spherulite growing in isotactic polystyrene. Optical micrograph taken in polarized light (courtesy of Dr D. Tod).

Figure4.2 presents optical micrographs of the injection-molded materials. The material processed at 205 °C shows a high fraction of spherulitic material. In the material processed at 215 °C the fraction is considerably lower. In the material made from the hottest melt no spherulites are detected. Generally spherulites grow during polymer...

Figure 3.2 Polyethylene dendrite formed on cooling a 0.1% xylene solution. The large primary growth arms are along the crystallographic a direction (10 o clock) and b direction (1 o clock). Secondary growth arms are along b and a, respectively. There is faint evidence of tertiary arms growing from the secondary arms. Optical micrograph from GeU and Reneker [3] with permission from John WUey Sons, Inc.

Figure 3.4 Polarized optical micrograph of growing spheru-lites of nylon 6.6 in a ca. 5-pm-thick film. The dark arms of the Maltese cross pattern are in the directions of the polarizer and analyzer, while the nonbirefringent melt is uniformly dark. From Khoury and Passalgia [5] with kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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