Opioid agonists moderate

Tramadol Mixed effects weak P-agonist, moderate SERT inhibitor, weak NET inhibitor Analgesia Moderate pain adjunct to opioids in chronic pain syndromes Duration 4-6 h Toxicity Seizures... 

Indications Opioid dependence, moderate to severe pain Category Analgesic Mixed opioid agonist/antagonist Narcotic Half-life 37 hours... 

Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic. Its analgesic effect is caused by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS. Antagonist effects decrease its abuse potential. It is indicated in tablet treatment of opioid dependence injection relief of moderate to severe pain. 

III Medical use moderate potential tor dependence Anabolic steroids, codeine and moderate opioid agonists, dronabinol, thiopental... 

Butorphanol tartrate is a synthetically derived opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic of the phenanthrene series, structurally similar to levorphanol. In the USA, butorphanol is used as a substitute for meperidine for patients complaining of moderate pain. Butorphanol and other mixed agonist-antagonists appear to be more effective in female patients and are primarily prescribed for visceral pain and headache [ 1,2]. It is used to control pain associated with ureteral and gaU stones and is also employed for labor and delivery analgesia. 

Hydromorphone is a semisynthetic opioid agonist prescribed for control of moderate to severe pain. It was first synthesized in 1924 and introduced by Knoll pharmaceuticals under the brand name Dilaudid . Intravenous hydromorphone is about 5-6 times more potent than morphine however, when administered epidurally, morphine provides greater spinal selectivity and 2-3 times greater analgesic potency than hydromorphone. Hydromophone is available as a... 

Tapentadol has an abuse potential similar to other potent opioid agonists and is subject to criminal diversion. It is unclear whether the tamper-resistant ER preparation will limit diversion, adulteration, and abuse. Abrupt discontinuation of tapentadol IR after 90 days of continuous treatment was associated with mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms in only 17% of patients [10]. 

Buprenorphine is derived from thebaine. It is a partial mu agonist with kappa antagonist activity. Buprenorphine has 25 to 50 times the potency of morphine. It is used to produce a longer-lasting analgesia than morphine. Effects of buprenorphine last longer because it is released more slowly from mu receptors than morphine. It is available as an injectable for intramuscular (IM) or intravenous administration in a 1-ml solution containing 0.3 mg buprenorphine (as buprenorphine HC1) for the relief of moderate to severe pain. It is also available to treat opioid dependence in the formulation of a tablet,51 alone or in combination with naloxone, in 2- or 8-mg... 

---