Operation Just Cause

Miser WF, Doukas WC, Lillegard WA. Injuries and illnesses incurred by an army ranger unit during Operation Just Cause. Mil Med 1995 160 373-380. 

Another egregious case of the inunotality of drug prohibition involves the infamous Operation Just Cause. In the name of police activity and drug-law enforcement, the sovereign nation of Panama was invaded by a large American military force hundreds of innocent bystanders were killed, hundreds of millions... 

The operations team in this area of the plant was convinced that if changes were to be made in any equipment, reactants, intermediates, catalyst, or any operating conditions of the process were modified, the system would be first reviewed by a committee. In the operations teams mind, this was just a waste water line. As is apparent in Figure 2—18, the danger of just blocking the water drain lines at any time the system is in operation would cause physical explosion. 

We also note that the simplified reaction in Example 9.1 has the form A B but the real reaction is A B C, and the runaway would almost certainly provoke the undesired reaction B C. To maximize output of product B, it is typically desired to operate just below the value of Tjvaii that would cause a runaway. As a practical matter, models using published parameter estimates are rarely accurate enough to allow a priori prediction of the best operating temperature. Instead, the models are used to guide experimentation and are tuned based on the experimental results. 

To identify the probable cause of the transients, 20 postulates were studied and 14 of them were tested during reactor operation. Based on recorded observations, calculations, tests and analysis, inadvertent raising of CR by operator just before the incident was ruled out. The postulates studied can be broadly classified into the following five categories viz. process parameter changes, absorber movement, voids collapse and sodium filling, fuel movement and moderator ingress ... 

Let me recall, in conclusion, that in spite of many years of operations of dozens of nuclear energy plants (we now have about 50 in operation) so far no accident involving a person was caused by them. Surely, safety measures had to be put into operation, just as semaphores operate to prevent collisions of trains. However, no health has been impaired so far— we have nothing to compare with the 100,000 coal miners affected by the black lung disease. This does not indicate, by any means, that we should relax our attention to safety problems, but it surely does speak against scare stories opposing nuclear power plants. 

Include a provision for removing a contractor or contractor s employees from the site for safety or health violations. Note A site may have been operating effectively for 1 year without actually invoking this provision if just cause to remove a contractor or contractor s employee did not occur. 

Whatever the physiology of odor perception may be, the sense of smell is keener than that of taste (22). If flavors are classed into odors and tastes as is common practice in science, it can be calculated that there are probably more than 10 possible sensations of odor and only a few, perhaps five, sensations of taste (13,21,35—37). Just as a hereditary or genetic factor may cause taste variations between individuals toward phenylthiourea, a similar factor may be in operation with odor. The odor of the steroid androsterone, found in many foods and human sweat, may eflcit different responses from different individuals. Some are very sensitive to it and find it unpleasant. To others, who are less sensitive to it, it has a musk or sandalwood-like smell. Approximately 50% of the adults tested cannot detect any odor even at extremely high concentrations. It is befleved that this abiUty is genetically determined (38). 

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