Operating procedures SEMS requirements

The SEMS discusses the use of standardized operating procedures. Such procedures apply, with only minor variations, to facilities that differ only in size or the number of equipment items present. The standard also requires that human factor issues to do with format, content, and intended use should be incorporated into the procedures. 

SEM, SIMS, XPS and AES measurements are performed in HV or UHV systems. Hence, the study of sensitive electrodes requires special procedures for the transfer of the samples from the glove box atmosphere in which they are prepared to the vacuum system. Here an innovation is required for choosing the most suitable transfer mode for the specific measuring system used. In principle, the best mode of operation is to load the samples onto a substrate which fits the measuring... 

As discussed in Chapter 3, Subpart S of 30 CFR 250 requires the lessee to develop, implement, and maintain a SEMS for offshore oil and gas operations on the basis of API s RP 75. This goal-based SMS became effective on November 15,2011, and moved the regulations for offshore oil and gas operations from a primarily prescriptive system to a more risk-based system under which operators were required to demonstrate that the health and safety procedures described in the SEMS plan accomplished the stated goals. The shift away from a more prescriptive system was due in part to the inadequacy of an inspection process that encouraged compliance with checklists of potential incidents of noncompliance (PINCs) that tended to focus on preventing hardware-related mechanical failures. Previous reports indicated that most accidents occurring on the OCS were due to human factors or to not following proper procedures (Bea and Moore 1992 NRC 1990 TRB 2012). The rules in SEMS (for... 

A variation of SEM termed environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) does not require high vacuum and can measure insulating samples without the requirement of a conductive coating [105]. Operation at up to 10 torr and wet samples are possible, permitting observation of hydrated colloidal samples. Observation of block copolymer morphology is possible via ESEM without staining procedures. Application to polymer blends, however, is relatively new. 

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