Open-ended project

JI (from an experiment by Viktor Obendrauf) 22-24, CD. The answers to selected problems from the various experiments are given in the book s website at www.springer.com. Many open-ended projects are suggested in the additional related projects section of each experiment. 

In the case of turquoise the author and Weigand are engaged in an open-ended project which seeks to analyze specimens taken from literally every existing and accessible turquoise source used aboriginally in North America. Early research by Sigleo likewise utilized NAA There is also another very extensive and detailed analytical study of turquoise recently published by Ruppert giving results for both... 

Marchese, A. J., Newell, J., Sukumaran, B. Ramachandran, R. P. Schmalzel J. L. and Mariappan J. 1999. The Sophomore Engineering Clinic An introduction to the design process through a series of open ended projects , ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Session 2225, Charlotte, North Carolina, June 1999. 

The students undertaking this laboratory course will be given hands-on experience on the intricate concepts that was earlier restricted to mere reading of concepts. This approach will introduce the concept of categorizing the course content into different category of modules that includes demonstration, exercises, structured enquiry and open-ended projects. This practice will benefit the students to a great extent thereby promoting them to undertake capstone projects and research activities. 

The exposure chamber is a flat-bottomed shell vial, 2.0 cm. in diameter by 4.0 cm. long. The open end is heated in the flame and lightly pressed upon a flat surface to give a rolled edge projecting both outward and inward. On the outside this holds in place a metal cover (Figure 1), and on the inside it prevents spilling of the insecticidal solution... 

Like knots, links may be prime or composite. The Hopf and Borromean links are examples of prime links because they cannot be divided (factored) into smaller, nontrivial links. Figure 30(a) is the minimal diagram of a composite link that is the abstract representative of some [3]catenanes, one of which is depicted in Figure 30(b).103b That the three-component link is a composite link is shown by the fact that a plane perpendicular to the plane of projection (dashed line) and pierced in exactly two points cuts the link in half If the open ends on both sides of the plane are now joined to form closed curves, two Hopf links result. In analogy to composite knots, the three-component link in Figure 30(a) is denoted by 2 2j, and the five-component composite link that represents olympiadane by 2 2 2 2. ... 

A design problem is always underdefined, either by the lack of data or insufficient time and resources. Moreover, a design problem is always open-ended since the solution depends largely on the design decisions taken by the designer at different stages of project development, for example to fulfil technical or economical constraints, or to avoid a license problem. 

The discharge end of the downcomer must project far enough into the tray liquid so that no gas bubbles can enter the open end and bypass the bubble caps. When the liquid contains no sediment, a seal pot or discharge weir is often placed around the discharge end of the downcomer to make certain that no free vapor can enter the open end. The distance between the liquid level on the loaded discharge plate and the bottom of the downcomer when no liquid is flowing is known as the downcomer liquid seal. A downcomer liquid seal, based on a perfectly level tray, in the range of to l in. is usually satisfactory. 

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