On chemiluminescence

The principal method used for measuring NO2 is also based on chemiluminescence (Fig. 14-3) (5). NO2 concentrations are determined indirectly from the difference between the NO and NO (NO -I- NO2) concentrations in the atmosphere. These concentrations are determined by measuring the tight emitted from the chemiluminescent reaction of NO with 03 (similar to the reaction of O3 with ethylene noted for the measurement of O3), except that O3 is supplied at a high constant concentration, and the light output is proportional to the concentration of NO present in the ambient air stream. 

The measurement of NO concentration is based on chemiluminescence this is light generation due to a chemical reaction. This occurs when nitrogen monoxide and ozone react with each other. 

An instrument for measuring nitrogen oxides based on chemiluminescence is shown in Fig. 13.49. The ozone required for the reaction is produced in the ozone generator, which is part of rhe device. One of the reaction chamber walls is an optical filter through which a red-sensitive photomultiplier tube measures the chemiluminescence radiation intensity and converts it into a current signal. 

The device for nitrogen oxides based on chemiluminescence measures the nitrogen monoxide concentration. The same equipment can be used to measure the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is reduced to nitrogen monoxide in a converter by a molybdenum catalyst. In order to... 

Nakano, M. (1990). Assay for superoxide dismutase based on chemiluminescence of luciferin analog. Method. Enzymol. 186 227-232. 

The Effect of Initial Molar Mass on Chemiluminescence Runs 478... 

The Effect of Temperature on Chemiluminescence Intensity The Mutual Relation of Isothermal and Non-lsothermal Studies 480... 

The Effect of Alkaline Additives on Chemiluminescence Runs A Possible Impact 490... 

THE EFFECT OF INITIAL MOLAR MASS ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE RUNS... 

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE INTENSITY THE MUTUAL RELATION OF ISOTHERMAL AND NON-ISOTHERMAL STUDIES... 

THE EFFECT OF ALKALINE ADDITIVES ON CHEMILUMINESCENCE RUNS A POSSIBLE IMPACT... 

Special review articles published since 1968 on these topics are one by E. H. White and D. F. Roswell 2> on hydrazide chemiluminescence M. M. Rauhut 3) on the chemiluminescence of concerted peroxide-decomposition reactions and D. M. Hercules 4 5> on chemiluminescence from electron-transfer reactions. The rapid development in these special fields justifies a further attempt to depict the current status. Results of bioluminescence research will not be included in this article except for a few special cases, e.g. enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence of luminol, and firefly bioluminescence 6>. 

After the manuscript of this article was completed (summer 1972) a considerable number of papers in the rapidly developing field has been published a large part of which was presented at the International Conference on Chemiluminescence held at the University of Georgia, Athens, October 10—13, (see M. J. Cormier, D. M. Hercules, and J. Lee... 

INFLUENCE OF THE PRESENCE OF ORGANIZED MEDIA ON CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTIONS ... 

Gas chromatography is one of the most powerful analytical techniques available for chemical analysis. Commercially available chemiluminescence detectors for GC include the FPD, the SCD, the thermal energy analysis (TEA) detector, and nitrogen-selective detectors. Highly sensitive detectors based on chemiluminescent reactions with F2 and active nitrogen also have been developed. 

The most commonly used and widely marketed GC detector based on chemiluminescence is the FPD [82], This detector differs from other gas-phase chemiluminescence techniques described below in that it detects chemiluminescence occurring in a flame, rather than cold chemiluminescence. The high temperatures of the flame promote chemical reactions that form key reaction intermediates and may provide additional thermal excitation of the emitting species. Flame emissions may be used to selectively detect compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, antimony, and arsenic, and even halogens under special reaction conditions [83, 84], but commercial detectors normally are configured only for sulfur and phosphorus detection [85-87], In the FPD, the GC column extends... 

All integrated sensors based on an interaction between the analyte and reagent (neither of which is used in a retained form) and regeneration of the latter rely on chemiluminescent reactions involving electroregeneration of the reagent or a quenching phenomenon. On the other hand, absorptiometric and reflectometric sensors of this type use colorimetric acid-base indicators supported on a suitable material. 

Fujinari EM, Courthaudon LO. Nitrogen-specific liquid-chromatography detector based on chemiluminescence—Application to the analysis of ammonium nitrogen in waste-water. Journal of Chromatography 592, 209-214, 1992. 

Methods based on chemiluminescent and bioluminescent labels are another area of nonisotopic immunoassays that continue to undergo active research. Most common approaches in this category are the competitive binding chemiluminescence immunoassays and the immunochemiluminometric assays. Chemiluminescence and heterogenous chemiluminescence immunoassays have been the subject of excellent reviews (91, 92). Detection in chemiluminescence immunoassays is based on either the direct monitoring of conjugated labels, such as luminol or acridinium ester, or the enzyme-mediated formation of luminescent products. Preparation of various derivatives of acridinium esters has been reported (93, 94), whereas a variety of enzyme labels including firefly or bacterial luciferase (70), horseradish peroxidase (86, 98), and alkaline phosphatase are commercially available. 

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