Oligogalacturonic acids

Bromophenol blue (3.0...4.6) aliphatic carboxylic acids [225 — 228] malonic and lactic acids [229] palmitic and lactic acids [230] malonic, glycolic, malic, citric, tartaric, ketoglutaric, galacturonic and oxalic acids [196] dicarboxylic acids, succinic acid [231] indoleacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid [232] palmitic acid, palmityl- and stearyllactic acid [223] benzoic, sorbic and salicylic acid [234] metabolites of ascorbic acid [235] chloropropionic acid [236] oligogalacturonic acids [237] amino acids, hydrocarbons, mono-, di- and triglycerides [238] xylobiose, xylose, glucose and derivatives [239] sugar alcohols [91] toxaphene [240]... 

Ochratoxin A 69,147,166,167 Oieanolic acid 59,60 Oleanonic acid 59,60,70 -, methyl ester 70 Olefins 359 Oleic acid 73, 89 Oligogalacturonic acids 45, 322 Oligonucleotides 76... 

The rate of decomposition of O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of a series of oligogalacturonic acids has been studied 170 it was found that the rate increases with the degree of polymerization, but that the methyl esters decay about 55 times as slowly. 

Uronic acids have been studied similarly in connection with pectins384,523 and oligogalacturonic acids,170 fruits,319 and plants.66"524 Neukom and coworkers have studied the behavior of uronic acid and also aldaric acid derivatives.525 Ascorbic acid and its analogs526 have been separated by gas-liquid chromatography and determined291 in plant extracts. 

Enzymic depolymerization of juice soluble pectin before it can be deesterified by PE also stabilizes cloud (30). This has been accomplished with pectin lyase (PL), an enzyme which degrades esterified pectin to oligogalacturonic acid esters. 

McCready, R. M. Seegmiller, C. G. Action of pectic enzymes on oligogalacturonic acids and some of their derivatives. 

Di-D-galacturonic acids and higher homologues, isolated from enzymic or acid hydrolyzates of pectin, have been studied by many laboratories. Oligogalacturonic acids ( oligosaccharins ) have a variety of regulatory effects in plants.188 A di-D-mannuronic acid was prepared from alginic acid.189... 

A. T. Hotchkiss, Jr. and K. B. Hicks, Analysis of oligogalacturonic acids with 50 or fewer residues by high-performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection, Anal. Biochem., 184 (1990) 200-206. 

Hatanaka, C., Yokohiki, K. and Matsuhashi, S. 1986. Analysis of galacturonic acid and oligogalacturonic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Fac. Appl. Biol. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., 25 41-48. 

Voragen, A.J.G., Schols, H.A., de Vries, J.A. and Pilnik, W. 1982. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of uronic acids and oligogalacturonic and oligogalacturonic acids, J. Chromatogr., 244 327-336. 

HPLC on a cation-exchange column of HPX-87-H, and galacturonic acid was eluted in 8.5 minutes. The advantages of enzyme over acid-catalyzed hydrolysis were apparent. The yield of monomer was greater, no monomer degradation products were present, and a far lesser quantity of oligogalacturonic acid chains were produced. 

Mixed indicators thymol blue (0.005%, m/v), methyl red (0.025%, m/v), and bromothymol blue (0.06%, m/v) in ethanol (95%) pH adjusted with NaOH (1 moll" ) until blue-green color reached Obsen/ed at room temperature Uronic acids and oligomers (e.g. oligogalacturonic acids) give red spots on dark green background About 5-1 Opg... 

Dongowski G, Lorenz A. Unsaturated oligogalacturonic acids are generated by in vitro treatment of pectin with human faecal flora. Carbohydr Res. 1998 314(3-4) 237-244. 

Similar Automatic Developing Chambers (ADC) for either 20 X 10 or 20 X 20 cm plates are available from Camag. The ADC was used to separate saturated and unsaturated oligogalacturonic acids by multiple development with 1-propanol-water mixtures on silica gel 60 plates (Dongowski, 1997). 

Pectolytic enzymes are described in section 4.4.5.2. Pectic acid which is liberated by pectin methylesterases flocculates in the presence of Ca + ions. This reaction is responsible for the undesired cloud flocculation in citrus juices. After thermal inactivation of the enzyme at about 90 °C, this reaction is not observable. However, such treatment brings about deterioration of the aroma of the juice. Investigations of the pectin esterase of orange peel have shown that the enzyme activity is affected by competitive inhibitors oligogalacturonic acid and pectic acid (cf. Fig. 2.51). Thus, the increase in turbidity of citrus juice can be prevented by the addition of such cort5)ounds. 

The Fast atom bombardment (FAB)-m.s. of carbohydrates has been reviewed. FAB-m.s. has been used to characterise individual oligogalacturonic acids (in both the +ve and -ve ion modes). FAB-m.s. and mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKES) spectra were used to characterise components of peptide-nucleoside antibiotics including blasticidin S and mildomycin analogues.° From a FAB-... 

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