Oligodendrocytes cultured

OPCs divide a limited number of times in the nerve and then terminally differentiate into postmitotic oligodendrocytes. The first OPCs stop dividing and differentiate on the day of birth (Miller et al 1985), and new ones do so over the next six weeks (Barres et al 1992). We have studied the mechanisms that control when the OPCs stop dividing and differentiate in culture and find that both cell-intrinsic programmes and extracellular signals are involved. 

Temple S, Raff MC 1986 Clonal analysis of oligodendrocyte development in culture evidence for a developmental clock that counts cell divisions. Cell 44 773-779 Walters SN, Morell P 1981 Effects of altered thyroid states on myelinogenesis. J Neurochem 36 1792-1801... 

Raff, M. C., Miller R. H. and Noble M. A. Glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium. Nature 303 390-396,1983. 

Some aspects of multiple sclerosis are reflected in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is induced by immunization of susceptible animals with appropriate encephalogenic proteins or peptides. In these animals, if cultured adult stem cell neurospheres are injected into the bloodstream, injected cells can find their way to damaged portions of the nervous system and improve function in mice. How the injected cells augmented the recovery process is unclear. One possibility is that cells recruited to the lesions differentiated into oligodendrocytes and generated new myelin sheaths, but this seems unlikely in the face of ongoing cellular destruction. 

Edmond, J., Robbins, R. A., Bergstrom, J. D. etal. Capacity for substrate utilization in oxidative metabolism by neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from developing brain in primary culture. J. Neurosci. Res. 18 551-561, 1987. 

Cultured rat neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes all contained omega-oxidation activity. WBs detect CYP4A protein (Alexander et al., 1998). 

Melcangi RM, Celotti, F, Martini L Progesterone 5a-reduction in neuronal and in different types of ghal cell cultures type 1 and 2 and oligodendrocytes. Brain Res... 

Alberdi E., Sanchez-Gomez M. V., Marino A., and Matute C. (2002). Ca2+ influx through AMPA or kainate receptors alone is sufficient to initiate excitotoxicity in cultured oligodendrocytes. Neurobiol. Dis. 9 234-243. 

Figure 1.11 Growth curves of a mixture of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from C-6 rat glioma 2B cells the cells were incubated for 14 days with or without EGF (epidermal growth factor). EGF was added to the medium in three increasing doses. By 10 days, the cell cultured with EGF showed a statistically significant faster growth than the controls without EGF. By day 14, growth rates in all experimental cells had declined to control values.47 (From Timiras, PS. et al., Mech. Ageing Dev., 126, 3, 2005. With permission.)...

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