OLEDs/PLEDs diodes

Although for mobile applications new display principles based on organic hght emitting diodes (OLED/PLEDs) are close to market introduction, the market share of LCDs in telephone displays is still 100%. The demands on... 

When 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is chemically polymerized in the presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a template, conducting nanowires can be assembled from smaller nanowires in a side-by-side manner and exhibit excellent conductivity [115]. The electronic properties of PTh have promoted a wide interest in the development of organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) and it is note worthy that the performance of these devices is dramatically enhanced by the... 

As a class of n-type organic semiconductors, PBI derivatives have received considerable attention for a variety of applications [312, 313], for example, for organic or polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and PLEDs) [314, 315], thin-film organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) [316, 317], solar cells [318, 319], and liquid crystals [320]. They are also interesting candidates for single-molecule device applications, such as sensors [321], molecular wires [322], or transistors [141]. 

P-OLED See Polymer Light Emitting Diode (PLED). ... 

The multilayered structure and electroluminescent mechanism of OLEDs is illustrated in Figure 4.45. Depending on whether small organic molecules or long repeating-unit polymers are used (Figure 4.46), the diodes are referred to as OLEDs or PLEDs, respectively. Under positive current, electrons and holes are injected into the emissive layer from opposite directions - from the cathode and anode, respectively. The metal... 

Deeper insight into CNT functionalities when used as a dopant for polymer solar cells and polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) was presented by Xu et al. [329]. While the PLED gained from rather low CNT doping levels of about 0.02%, the solar cell performance increased further up to 0.2 wt %. The improved EQE of the OLED was explained by a better charge carrier injection from the electrode, whereas for the solar cell exciton dissociation is facilitated by the nanotubes [329]. 

The first PLEDs based on 3,6-carbazoles was achieved in 1996, by Zuppiroli and coworkers with a poly(7V-butyl-3,6-carbazole) in a single-layer device with ITO and A1 electrodes [123]. Diodes produced blue emission with a low EL performance (.Vext = 0.07% and a few cd/m2 at 15 V). Aiming at increasing the EL performances, five-layers OLEDs based on small molecules were fabricated using carbazole dimers as emitters. A pure blue light-emitting device has been achieved with CIE coordinates a = 0.158, y = 0.169, Apeak = 456nm, a luminance of 1000 cd/m2, luminance efficiency of 4.7 cd/A at 10 V and a r]ext = 33% [125]. 

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (PLED) based on the mechanism foreseen by Marcus have been realized in practice. PLEDs are successively formed from an Al, Mg or Ca cathode, an organic conductive polymer and an ITO (Indium, Tin, Oxide) anode, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 36.31. 

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