Oleanoic acid

China Aralia chinensis L. A. cordata Thunb. A. elata (Miq.) Seem. Diterpenoids such as (-) pimaradene, (-) kaurene derivatives, l-pimara-8, 15-dien-19-oic acid, aralosides, araligenin, oleanoic acid, beta-taralin, alpha-taralin.20 48-50 Carminative, for arthralgia, gastroenteritis, headache, diuretic, antidiabetic, antiseptic. 

Figure 1. The Major Ginsenosides of Panax spp. The three main triterpenoid aglycones (20S)-protopanaxadiol, (20S)-protopanaxatriol, oleanoic acid), as well as the six major ginsenosides of Panax spp. are shown. Ginsenosides are named according to their migration properties on TLC, with no regard for whether they are (20S)-protopanaxadiol, (20S)-protopanaxatriol- or oleanoic acid-derived. Ginsenoside Rf (not shown) is a major ginsenoside ofP. ginseng but is not found in P quinquefolius.

To avoid the limitation of plant sources, several groups initiated studies of tissue culture from the TW plant as a source of triptolide 1. Kutney s group first studied TW tissue culture. The shake-flask and stirred fermenter batch cultures of TW cell tissue line TRP 4a grown on modified PRL-4 medium were harvested after 6 weeks. Cell cultures were extracted and separated by column chromatography. Compounds 1 and 2 were separated in yields that were 3 and 16 times greater, respectively than those observed in the plant itself. Additionally, dehydroabietic acid, celastrol, oleanoic acid, polpunonic acid, fl-sitosterol and other compounds were separated from the culture [104]. Zhu and his group cultivated tissue induced from TW leaves and stems, on the 67-v medium containing 0.1 mg/L, 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L KT for 7 weeks. After separation of the cultivated material, the yield of 1, 2 and 4 was 12 times more than that in the plant (9.184 mg/L) [105]. 

Fig. (43). Antitumor promotor activity of ursolic and oleanoic acid...

Oleanoic acid (3) hydroxy-12-oleanene-28-carbox-ylic acid). 

Lupeol, isolated from the stem bark of Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. (Capparaceae), reduces the foot-pad thickness and complement activity in arthritic rats (75). Oleano-lie acid saponins isolated from the roots of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. is anti-pruritic in rodent (76). 

However, other NO donors have also been shown in another recent study to inhibit growth of liver tumours in vivo (Chen et al. 2008). Treatment (15 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 35 days) of SCID miee bearing subeutaneous human hepatocellular carcinomas as xenografts, with two furoxan-based NO donor derivatives of oleano-lic acid resulted in a reduction in growth rate by about 70% compared with controls and again there was no liver-specific or systemic toxicity. 

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