Okabe method

The conventional method for the calculation of seismic passive earth pressure is the Mononobe and Okabe method (Kramer, 2003). Morrison and Ebeling (1995) reported that the Mononobe and Okabe equation assumes a planar failme surface, which is not the most critical mode of failure for determining the passive failure load. Soubra(2000), Kumar(2001), SoubraandMacuh (2002) and SubbaRao and Choudhuiy (2005) used... 

Okabe method is obtained from the equilibrium of the active or passive wedges (Fig. 9a and b). In addition to the forces that exist under static conditions of the failure wedge in a dry, cohesionless backfiU, the wedge is also subjected to horizontal and vertical pseudo-static forces specified as the mass of the wedge multiplied by pseudo-static accelerations ai, = khg and av = kvg. The total active and passive thrusts on a rigid waU retaining a dry, cohesionless backfill can be presented in a form similar to what is developed for the static conditions in the Coulomb s theory ... 

Since the Mononobe-Okabe method considers only translational equilibrium, it provides no direct information on the point of application of 5aE-... 

In the past, the Mononobe-Okabe method was used to calculate the seismic-induced dynamic earth pressures on underground structures. The method assumes the earthquake load is caused by inertial forces of the surrounding soil and calculates the load using soil properties and a determined seismic coefficient. This method is not applicable in the case of underground structures. 

Okabe H., P. L. Splitstone, and J. J., Ball. Ambient and Source SOt Detector Based on, i Fluorescence Method. Air Pollution Control Assoc. 23 (1973), pp. 514-516. 

Fluorescence is the basis of a number of measurement methods for atmospheric gases. In the case of SOz, for example, a Zn (213.8 nm) or Cd (228.8 nm) lamp is used to excite the SOz and the fluorescence in the 200- to 400-nm region is monitored (Okabe et al., 1973 Schwarz et al., 1974). Again, this technique works for those species whose excited states are sufficiently... 

Microwave moisture analyzers are the next step in gravimetric analyses by focusing on much shorter drying times. Currently there are only a few matrices recognized by the AOAC for use in the microwave drying method (Sullivan and Carpenter, 1993). Although there hasn t been a collaborative study for AOAC approval to support other matrices, the micro-wave moisture analyzer has been used successfully in such matrices as grains (Okabe et al., 1973) and flours (Davis and Lai, 1984). 

As noted in Section III.C.2, the adiabatic method allows one to separate "slow" rotational motion from "fast" vibrational motion. The evaluation of vibrational distributions that has been described is based on this feature of adiabatic theory. In many cases one can also similarly ignore "slow" bending motion. However, advances in experimental methods have led to measurements of rotational distributions of photofragments (see Okabe and Jackson, this volume) and thus the evaluation of these distributions has become a timely and interesting problem. 

Davis and Okabe (5 ) employed a direct photodissociation technique to obtain dissociation energies for many of the same molecules. The method detemlnes the disappearance threshold for fluorescence due to decay of excited CN This... 

An early assay for ChE activity was a manometric method in which the change in pH due to ACh hydrolysis released CO2 from a reaction buffer. A common technique (that of Michel) directly determines ACh hydrolysis by changes in pH. Another assay, that of Hestrin, utilizes the reaction of ACh with hydroxyl amine and ferric chloride, producing a red-dish-purple complex. A test developed by Okabe and... 

Huryn, D.M. and Okabe, M., AIDS-driven nucleoside chemistry, Chem. Rev. 92 (8), 1745, 1992. Holan, G., Rational design of degradable insecticides. Nature (London) 232 (5313), 644, 1971. Meyer, W., Application EP 92-810027 92-810027 496701, 1992, N-[[2-[[(3-oxetanyl)oxy]carbo-nyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea derivs. and N-[[2-[[(3-thietanyl)oxy]carbonyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea derivs., methods for their preparation and their use as herbicides. 19920116. 

T. Fukasawa, S. Kawakubo, T. Okabe, and A Mizuike, Catalytic Determination of Vanadium by Micro Ion Exchange Separation—Flow Injection Method and Its Application to Rain Water [in Japanese]. Bunseki Kagaku, 33 (1984) 609. 

There are few smdies on the in vivo efficacy and irritancy of terpenes used as an enhancer in percutaneous absorption. The percutaneous absorption-promoting effect and skin irritancy of cyclic monoterpenes were investigated in rats and with rabbits, respectively (Okabe etal., 1990). Plasma concentration of the drug (ketoprofen) markedly increased with the addition of the hydrocarbons of cyclic monoterpenes such as trans- -methane and d-limonene. Irritancy of cyclic monoterpenes in rabbits was evaluated using the Draize scoring method. No skin irritation was observed when ethanol-containing hydrocarbons of cyclic monoterpenes (trans-p-menthane and d-limonene) were applied to dorsal skin. 

The purposes of this chapter are to raise the awareness of the recycling-based society through the constmction and creation of efficient strategy for reverse logistics. The optimal relocation for the collecting center of intermediate treatment facilities in Chiba is selected by using the density method by Okabe and Suzuki (2008). 

Chowdhury S C and Okabe T (2007) Computer simulation of cai bon nanotube pullout from polymer by the molecular dynamics method, Composites A 38 747-754. Qian D, Liu W K and Ruoff R S (2003) Load transfer mechanisms in cai bon nanotube ropes, Compos Sci Tec/mo/63 1561-1569. 

Ametani, A., T. Hoshino, M. Ishii, T. Noda, S. Okabe, and K. Tanabe. 2008. Numerical electromagnetic analysis method and its application to surge phenomena. CIGRE 2008... 

The effect of ground motion on rigid retaining walls is examined using the method proposed by Mononobe and Okabe, which is based on the Coulomb s theory of static soil pressure. The analysis and design issues for these walls are covered in a separate companion article. M-O method requires that the retaining walls can move freely (slide or rotate) so that active or passive earth pressures develop behind the wall. Nevertheless, there are many cases (such as basement walls) where the free movement of the wall is fully or... 

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