Oiling-Out

Besides high levels of supersaturation, the following reaction conditions may promote oiling-out in crystallization  

Essential factors to limit or prevent oiling-out are controlled supersaturation and efficient seeding strategies. 

More practical aspects are addressed in Ref. [14]. A very interesting case of oiling-out for an API intermediate has recently been published in Ref. [15]. 

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On a microscopic scale (the inset represents about 1 - 2mm ), even in parts of the reservoir which have been swept by water, some oil remains as residual oil. The surface tension at the oil-water interface is so high that as the water attempts to displace the oil out of the pore space through the small capillaries, the continuous phase of oil breaks up, leaving small droplets of oil (snapped off, or capillary trapped oil) in the pore space. Typical residual oil saturation (S ) is in the range 10-40 % of the pore space, and is higher in tighter sands, where the capillaries are smaller. 

This product can be recrystallized by dissolving 10 g. in 20 ml. of hot ethyl alcohol (95%), adding 14 ml. of water, and allowing the solution to cool slowly so that no oiling out takes place. Colorless needles, m.p. 183-185°, [o ] —211 to —217° (in ale.) (Note 6), are obtained (first crop, 7.5-8.5 g., 83-90% recovery further quantities can be recovered from the mother liquor) (Note 7). 

Effective Absorption Factor for n-C4. The total rich oil out is estimated as... 

Component 90°F K 75 psia Feed Gas In (mols/hr) Lean Oil in (Mol. Fraction) Initial Estimate Of Net Amount Absorbed (mols/hr) Off-Gas Lean Oil In (mols/hr) Rich Oil Out (mols/hr)... 

Collect a 350-ml mud sample from the flowline and place the sample in the glass Jar. Allow the sample to cool to room temperature before the test is conducted. Mix at 70 V with the mixer for 1 hr. Pour the mud out, add 100 ml diesel oil, and shake well. (Do not stir with mixer.) Pour the oil out, add 50 ml xylene-isopropyl alcohol (1 1) mixture, and shake well. Empty jar, turn upside down, and allow to dry. Observe the film on the wall of the jar and report the evaluation as... 

Iron-deficiency anemia in chronic PN patients may be due to underlying clinical conditions and the lack of iron supplementation in PN. Parenteral iron therapy becomes necessary in iron-deficient patients who cannot absorb or tolerate oral iron. Parenteral iron should be used with caution owing to infusion-related adverse effects. A test dose of 25 mg of iron dextran should be administered first, and the patient should be monitored for adverse effects for at least 60 minutes. Intravenous iron dextran then may be added to lipid-free PN at a daily dose of 100 mg until the total iron dose is given. Iron dextran is not compatible with intravenous lipid emulsions at therapeutic doses and can cause oiling out of the emulsion. Other parenteral iron formulations (e.g., iron sucrose and ferric gluconate) have not been evaluated for compounding in PN and should not be added to PN formulations. 

Oiling out Continued coalescence of lipid emulsion particles, resulting in irreversible separation of the emulsion (or breaking of the emulsion). 

Don t get any water in the tube or when you heat the tube the water can boil and throw hot oil out at you. Let s start from the beginning. 

Pour the old oil out into an appropriate container and let the tube drain. 

Oiling out is what it s called more work is what it means. Compounds usually oil out if the boiling point of the recrystallization solvent is higher than the melting point of the compound, though that s not the only time. In any case, if the oil solidifies, the impurities are trapped in the now solid oil, and you ll have to purify the solid again. 

Don t think you won t ever get oiling out if you stick to single, unmixed solvents. It s just that with two solvents, there s a greater chance you ll hit upon a composition that will cause this. 

Redissolve the oil by heating, then shake up the solution as it cools and begins to oil out. When these smaller droplets finally freeze out, they may form crystals that are relatively pure. They may not. You ll probably have to clean them up again. Just don t use the same recrystallization solvent. 

Sometimes, once a solid oils out, it doesn t want to solidify at all, and you might not have all day. Try removing a sample of the oil with an eyedropper or disposable pipette. Then get a glass surface (watch glass) and add a few drops of a solvent that the compound is known to be insoluble in (usually water). Then use the rounded end of a glass rod to triturate the oil with the solvent. Trituration can be described loosely as the beating of an oil into a crystalline solid. Then you can put these crystals back into the rest of the oil. Possibly they ll act as seed crystals and get the rest of the oil to solidify. Again, you ll still have to clean up your compound. 

Selecting an approach The suspended solid material in the crude oil might be identifiable by infrared spectroscopy, but obtaining an identifiable spectrum of the small amount of solid material suspended in the oil requires separating it from the oil. One approach would be to filter and wash the oil out of the residue with a solvent such as hexane. Another approach would be to subtract the spectrum of the oil from the spectrum of the oil+haze. 

During crystallization procedures, undesirable oiling-out (i.e. liquid-liquid demixing) may occur. A UV-vis study of such systems with highly dispersed vesicles, or crystals, in transmission mode will capture... 

When it comes to human activity, mining is the main way carbon leaves the land. Humans regularly extract fossil fuel carbon to burn for energy we mine the mountains for coal, pump oil out... 

To assess the possibility of contamination of the freeze drying chamber with oil during the final drying process by diffusion of oil out of the vacuum pump. 

If the solution resists crystallization, it can be evaporated one-half or two-thirds of its volume and cooled further. The checkers found that, if product was allowed to oil out and solidify, the subsequent purification was rendered more difficult. 

We could reduce the amount of diesel product from the tower. That could wash the heavier gas oil out of the diesel. But it would also increase the amount of diesel in the gas oil. Increasing the heat removed in the pumparound would have a similar effect less gas oil in diesel, but more diesel in gas oil. 

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