Oil Poisons

Engine lubricant oil contains compounds that may enter the SCR catalyst and potentially deactivate the NOx conversion function. Typical compounds, which could be present in engine lubricant oil due to oU additives are Zn, S, P, Ca, Mg, B, and Mo. Table 3.1 shows some typical values for these compounds. The effects of S, Ca and Mg were discussed above. The effect of Zn, P, B and Mo was studied in [57]. B was found to cause no deactivation of the SCR activity and Mo had only a minor impact. P had a moderate impact, decreasing the NOx conversion by 3-4 % at high temperatures and 10 % at 300 °C. Zn reduced the NOx conversion to 80-90 % of the original value at high temperatures. All of the elements Zn, P, B 

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Gupta P, Singh R, Murali M, ef flj 1992b. Kerosene oil poisoning. A childhood menace. Indian Pediatric 29(8) 979-984. 

SaksenaPN. 1969. Kerosine oil poisoning in children. J Indian Med Assoc 52(4) 169-171. 

Ryan JJ, Levesque D, Panopio LG, etal. 1993a. Elimination of polychlorinated dibenzofiirans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from human blood in the Yusho and Yu-Cheng rice oil poisonings. Arch Environ Contain Toxicol 24 504-512. 

Sinniah, D., Baskaran, G., Looi, L.M., Leong, K.L. Reye-like syndrome due to Margosa oil poisoning report of a case with post mortem findings. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 1982 77 158—161... 

Sinniah D, Baskaran G. Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of Reye s syndrome. Lancet 1981 l(8218) 487-9. 

Of 42 children with oral eucalyptus oil poisoning, 33 were entirely asymptomatic (8). This group included all of the four children who were reported to have taken more than 30 ml of eucalyptus oil. Only two of the others had symptoms or clinical signs on presentation to hospital. No child required advanced life support. There was no correlation between the amount of eucalyptus oil taken and the presence of symptoms. 

Day LM, Ozanne-Smith J, Parsons BJ, Dobbin M, Tibballs J. Eucalyptus oil poisoning among young children mechanisms of access and the potential for prevention. Aust NZ J Public Health 1997 21(3) 297-302. 

Webb NJ, Pitt WR. Eucalyptus oil poisoning in childhood 41 cases in south-east Queensland. J Paediatr Child Health 1993 29(5) 368-71. 

Jacobs MR, Hornfeldt CS. Melaleuca oil poisoning J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994 32(4) 461. ... 

Kusuda M. 1971. A study on the sexual functions of women suffering from rice-bran oil poisoning. Sanka to Fujinka 38 1062-1072. 

MasudaY. 1994. The Yusho rice oil poisoning incident. In Schecter A., ed. Dioxins and health. 

Human poisonings from consumption of PCB mixtures include the well-known Yusho rice oil poisoning in Japan (1968), where PCB fluids became mixed inadvertently with rice oil used for cooking. The actual level of contamination of the rice oil was low, about 0.2%. About 2000 people were poisoned in 1978 in a similar incident in Yu-Cheng, Taiwan. The principal symptoms in both cases were related to headache. Adipose tissue from Yusho patients was found to contain up to 75 ppm of PCBs. Cancer development was not statistically connected with people poisoning by PCBs. Later investigations have shown that the toxicity of these PCB-contaminated rice oils was probably not primarily due to the PCBs themselves, but to the traces of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), which they contained. We will consider the formation of furans and dioxins in the following section. 

Strophanthns. Dried ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombe Oliv, or of S. hupuhts DC., Apocynaceae, deprived of the awns. Habit. East and Central Africa. Constit. 2-5% Strophanthin, kombic acid, choline, trigonelline, about 30% oil. Poisonous ... 

C. Pennyroyal oil poisoning (case reports). The mechanism of hepatic injury by pennyroyal oil is similar to that of acetaminophen, and empiric use of NAC seems justified for any significant pennyroyal oil ingestion. 

Gurr, F.W., and J.G. Scroggie. 1965. Eucalyptus oil poisoning treated by dialysis and mannitol infusion, with an ajjpendix on the analysis of biological fluids for alcohol and eucalyptol. Australas. Ann. Med. 14 238-249. 

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