Oil of juniper berry

Brandish s Alkaline Solution, or Caustic Alkali. American pearl-a hes, 6 pounds quicklime, 2 pounds wood ashes prepared by burning the branches of the ash, 2 pounds boiling water, fi gallons slock the lime, add the rest of the water and the pearl-ashes, and lastly stir in the wood-ashes let it stand in a covered vessel for 24 hours, and decant. To each pint add 1 drop of true oil of juniper berries. Keep it in stoppered bottles of green glass. The common hquor of potassa is usually sold for tho above solution. 

Compound Spirit of Juniper. Stinmhmt ami diuretic, administered in doses of 2 to 4 dratihms. This spirit, when mixed with 2 or 3 times its weight of proof spirit, makes a fair imitation of Holland gin. Take 15 ounces bruised juniper berries, 2 ounces each of bruised caraway and fennel, 1 Ilon proof spirit, and about 1 quart water. Distill 1 gallon. The wholesale preparation is a solution of 2 drachms oil of juniper, h drachm each of the oils of caraway and sweet fennel, in 5 quarts proof spirit. If not clear, filter through magnesia. 

ISO standard 8897 shows character and data for this oil. J. communis oil is often mixed up with J. oxycedrus. As marker for that the myrcene content is rising up. Real markers are germacrene D- and 8-cadinene. The sesquiterpene fraction gives more information. Further on, addition of fractions of juniper berry oil from recti cation as well as adding juniper branches oil is made. Kartnig et al. (1999) published some chiral data comparing self-distilled and commercial qualities of juniper berry a- and P pinene, limonene, and terpinen-4-ol oils. Chirality was recognized as useful components for quality control of that oil. Mosandl et al. (1991) report a ratio for (5)-(-)-a-pinene 77% -)-(+)-a-pinene 23%. 

Kalemba D, Kurowska A, Gora J, Lis A (1991) Analysis of essential oils influence of insects. Part V. Essential oil of the berries of Juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Pestycydy 2 31-34... 

A detailed fingerprint GLC analysis of juniper berry oil from Hungary has been reported [144]. Analyses that have been reported are reviewed by Lawrence in several papers [145-151]. 

Whether imported oil of juniper is always distilled from Junvperus communis is open to question, since the oil of some red juniper berries imported from Smyrna, and attributed to Junvperus phcenicea, has been found to cori-espond in all its properties with those of Juniperus communis. But on examination of an oil distilled in Cyprus from the berries of Juniperus 2iiicenicea at the Imperial Institute, it was shown to differ from tl t of Juniperus communis in optical rotation, which was -I- 5, whilst that of Junijierus communis distilled from the berries is usually - 3-to - 15 .i... 

Wacholder, m. juniper, -beere,/. juniper berry, -branntwein, -gelst, m. (Holland) gin. -harz, n. juniper resin gum juniper (sandarac). -61, n. juniper oil (brenzhches) oil of cade, -spiritus, m. (Pharm.) spirit of juniper, -teer, m. juniper tar, oil of cade. 

Terpinen-4-ol occurs in the essential oils of lavender, hyssop, pine. Origanum, nutmeg, thyme, marjoram, tarragon, cubeb, neroli, rosemary, juniper berry and passion fruit and raspberry flavor as a mixture of... 

Juniper berry oil is obtained by steam distillation of ripe fruits of Juniperus communis L. var. erecta Pursh. (Cupressaceae). It is a colorless, pale green or yellowish liquid with a characteristic, conifer-like odor, and an aromatic-bitter taste. 

The most important of these are whisky and gin. By whisky is meant the distillation product of the fermented worts obtained by diastatic saccharification of various cereals. Good whiskies are prepared by partial rectification of the first distillate. Gin is similarly prepared, but juniper berries are added to the still thus, it contains juniper oil as well as the prdinary impurities of alcohol. 

Juniper is the only profile included which the authors do not regard as hazardous. It is included because other sources have frequently flagged juniper as being contraindicated in both pregnancy and kidney disease. A vigorous attempt was made to trace the source of these contraindications. There is evidence that juniper berries are abortifacient, but there is no evidence thatjuniperoil is responsible for this effect No evidence could be found to support the contraindication of juniper oil in kidney disease. 

Secondly, if juniper berries are abortifacient and if the component responsible for this is unknown, then suspicion could naturally fall on the essential oil. Gin has a reputation as an abortifacient, but again juniper oil is very unlikely to be responsible for any such effects, since the average maximum concentration of juniper oil in alcoholic beverages is only 0.006%. 

There have been suggestions made that Juniper berries could cause renal irritation, and that they might also be an abortifacient. In the former case it is probable that the Juniper oil suspected of causing irritation had been adulterated with turpentine oil thus increasing the pinene content. In the latter case it would appear that Juniper was confused with the related Juniperus sabina or savin which is a notorious abortifacient. 

Figure 1. Time of half-oxidation (THO) of trans-2-hexenal in various essential oils 1 - control, 2 -black pepper, 3 - berries of juniper, 4 - cardamom, 5 - seeds of caraway, 6 - fennel, 7 - lemon grass, 8 - ginger, 9 - mace Change of main component content in studied essential oils during autooxidation.

Jnniocr, Compound SplHt of... 6151 Juniper, Essential CHroft... 1465 Juniper-Berry, Oil of.4753... 

Juniper berry oil. Colorless to light yellow oil with a green-herby, somewhat earthy balsamy odor of conifers and a bitter aromatic taste. 

Another pertinent point is how much twig and leaf material can be used in juniper berry oil. In Indonesia, it is common practice to space individual layers of patchouli leaves in the distillation vessel with twigs of the gurjun tree. Gurjun balsam present in the twigs contains an essential oil that contaminates the patchouli oil. Can this be considered to constitute an adulteration or simply a tool required for the production of the oil ... 

Essential oils comprised of 10 g/L solutions of cedarwood, cinnamon, sage, juniper berry, lavender, and rosemary all of these were potent snake irritants. Brown tree snakes exposed to a 2 s burst of aerosol of these oils exhibited prolonged, violent undirected locomotory behavior. In contrast, exposure to a 10 g/L concentration of ginger oil aerosol caused snakes to locomote, but in a deliberate, directed manner. The 10 g/L solutions delivered as aerosols of m-anisaldehyde, frani -anethole, l,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, citral, ethyl phenylacetate, eugenol, geranyl acetate, or methyl salicylate acted as potent irritants for brown tree snakes Boiga irregularly (Clark and Shivik, 2002). 

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