Juniper berries

Gin. Gin is a botanical flavored spirit first produced in 1650 by Franciscus de La Boe, a professor of medicine at the University of Leyden, attempting to produce a palatable, therapeutic medicine. He distilled alcohol in the presence of juniper berries being aware that the Latin junipems communis means youth giving. 

Gins derive their character from the type of mash used to produce the grain neutral spirits and the quaUty of the juniper berries and other botanicals used in the redistikation process. A wide variety of botanicals is used in gin including angeflcal root, anise, carroway seeds, citms peels, Hcorice, and other barks, herbs, and roots. 

U.S. regulations define two types of gin distilled gin and compounded gin. Distilled gin is produced from the original mash or the redistikation of neutral spirits with juniper berries and other botanicals. Distiked gin may retain this labeling as long as juniper berries are present during distikation and other aromatics used in the formula may be added as Hquid concentrates purchased or produced by the distiker. 

Compounded gin is produced by a dding extracts of juniper berries and other botanicals to high proof neutral spirits. This gin is perceived to be a lower quahty than distiked gin and not much is produced by this method. 

Gin is usuaky distiked at 180—190° proof. In the second distikation, cmshed juniper berries are placed on mesh trays or perforated racks caked gin heads in the distikation column. The vapors then extract the aromatic flavoring oils and carry them over with the distikate. 

It can be obtained artificially by treating sabinene or thujene with dilute sulphuric acid, when the resulting alcohol is optically inactive. The natural alcohol, isolated from juniper berry oil, has the following characters —... 

Xianewitbeere, /. juniper berry. kriCngen. v.i. (of ships, etc.) heel, list. 

Wacholder, m. juniper, -beere,/. juniper berry, -branntwein, -gelst, m. (Holland) gin. -harz, n. juniper resin gum juniper (sandarac). -61, n. juniper oil (brenzhches) oil of cade, -spiritus, m. (Pharm.) spirit of juniper, -teer, m. juniper tar, oil of cade. 

Numerousherbai diureticsare available as over-the-counter (OTQ products. Most plants and herbal extracts available as OTCdiureticsare nontoxic. However, most are either ineffective or no more effective than caffeine. The following are selected herbals reported to possess diuretic activity cetery, chicory, sassafras juniper berries St. John s wort, foxglove, horsetail, licorice, dandelion, digital is purpurea, ephedra, hibiscus parsley, and elderberry. 

Diuretic teas such as juniper berries and shave grass or horsetail are contraindicated. Juniper berries have been associated with renal damage, and horsetail contains severely toxic compounds Teas with ephedrine should be avoided, especially by individuals with hypertension. 

Terpinen-4-ol occurs in the essential oils of lavender, hyssop, pine. Origanum, nutmeg, thyme, marjoram, tarragon, cubeb, neroli, rosemary, juniper berry and passion fruit and raspberry flavor as a mixture of... 

Some spirits and many liquors are also NP-rich products, some markedly so. Thus, gin gains its special flavour from the NPs formd in juniper berries. Some companies developed more distinctive flavours in their brands of gin by adding other NP-rich botani-cals (lemon, orange, anise, angelica root, licorice, cinnamon, coriander and cassia). 

Juniper berry oil is obtained by steam distillation of ripe fruits of Juniperus communis L. var. erecta Pursh. (Cupressaceae). It is a colorless, pale green or yellowish liquid with a characteristic, conifer-like odor, and an aromatic-bitter taste. 

Juniper berry Juniperus communis L. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, pinenes, sabinene, myrcene... 

Juniper berries Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) a-cadinene... 

Researchers have attempted to do serious studies of some unusual arthritis treatments, such as the traditional raisins-in-gin remedy. The idea is to soak some raisins in gin for seven days and eat nine daily. A researcher at the University of North Texas has looked into this, and he maintains that it brings people with arthritis significant relief. He uses ninety-proof gin and has discovered that while soaking the raisins longer makes no difference, increasing the dose does. Maybe the remedy s effectiveness is due to anti-inflanunatory compounds in the juniper berries from which the gin is made. Or maybe it s the alcohol. The researcher is now prescribing thirty-six gin-soaked raisins a day, and he insists that his arthritis sufferers feel much happier. I bet they do. 

Uses Type 2 DM Action a-Glucosidase inhibitor delays digestion of carbohydrates Dose Initial 25 mg PO rid maint 50-100 mg rid (w/ 1st bite of each meal) Caution [B, —] Contra DKA, obst/inflammatory GI disorders SCr >2 mg/dL Disp Tabs SE Flatulence, D, abd pain Interactions T Effects W/ celery, coriander, juniper berries, ginseng, garlic X- effects W/ENH, niacin, intestinal absorbents, amylase, pancreatin X- effects OF digoxin, propranolol, ranitidine EMS Can X- digoxin level-monitor ECG in pts on digoxin therapy OD May cause severe adverse GI Sxs symptomatic and supportive... 

The most important of these are whisky and gin. By whisky is meant the distillation product of the fermented worts obtained by diastatic saccharification of various cereals. Good whiskies are prepared by partial rectification of the first distillate. Gin is similarly prepared, but juniper berries are added to the still thus, it contains juniper oil as well as the prdinary impurities of alcohol. 

A diuretic. Pregnant women should not eat juniper berries because the berries can stimulate uterine contractions. 

Gin Neutral spirits plus orangepeel and juniper berries No... 

Coffin recommends us to "Take of broom-tops, juniper-berries and dandelion-roots, each half-an-ounce, water, a pint and a half, boil down to a pint, strain, and add half-a-teaspoonsful of cayenne pepper. Dose, half-a-wineglassful four times a day."... 

It is on account of the Juniper Berries used in its manufacture that gin is so frequently recommended when a diuretic is needed. However, one authority at least. Dr. Coffin, considers that "the better plan. .. is to eschew the gin, and make a tea of the berries" The same writer tells us that if Juniper boughs are burnt to ashes and the ashes put into water, "a medicine will be obtained that has cured the dropsy in an advanced stage."... 

The infusion of 1 ounce to 1 pint is administered in wineglass doses for kidney complaints and dropsy. Often combined with Pellitory-of-the-Wall and Juniper berries. 

Figure 7.18 Juniper berry. Analysis of Juniperus communis, showing a typical composition.

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