Cracking fuels

Samolada, M.C., Baldauf, W., Vasalos, I.A., Production of bio-gasoline by upgrading biomass flash pyrolysis liquids via hydrogen processing and catalytic cracking, Fuel, 1998, 77, 1667. 

Example Cracking fuel oil to obtain an octane/octane isomeric mixture Example Alkylation converts a butane/butene mixture to octane. 

This report is concerned with the preparation and testing of small honeycomb catalysts with Co304 or copper chromite as the active phase. With Co304, the oxidation of C2H4 is one of the more difficult reactions to catalyze. Both CO and the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons (unburned fuel) are more readily oxidized (21). C2H4 is one of the main constituents of cracked fuel from the cylinder quench layer. 

Yoshikawa T, Yagi T, Shinohara S, Fukunaga T, Nakasaka Y, Tago T, Masuda T (2013) Production of phenols from lignin via depolymerization and catalytic cracking. Fuel Process Technol 108 69... 

ALROSPERSE 100 may be Incorporated in high detergency lubricating oil at 0.1-0.5%. It is very effective as a sludge dispersant in distillate or cracked fuel oil at 0.01%, burns without leaving a residue. 

Table 6.6.2 Composition of light crack-fuel (stream 8) in this example.

Yields of products from furnace for cracking fuel oil 3... 

Two distinct types of material are found in cracked fuel oil (1) scarcely decomposed straight-run asphaltic material derived from residual feedstocks, and (2) condensation or polymerization materials derived from reactive fragments produced during cracking. In addition, the straight-run asphaltic material is frequently exposed to the mild operation known as viscosity breaking (either in a separate coil or as part of the recirculation in a black-oil coil). The viscosities and gravities of these com-... 

Gasoline yields (400 E.P., 10 R.v.p.) can be obtained from Fig. 19-1 or Eqs. (19-1) to (19-3) which apply to somewhat special feedstocks or operations. The symbols refer to the API gravities of the distillate feeds Ad and cracked fuel-oil products Af, and the gasoline yields are volume per cent. Fig. 19-1 applies to straight-run reffldual or distilled... 

Eq, (19-5) applies particularly to black-circulation single-coil operations in which reaction chambers are used. Yields decrease sharply if thinner cracked fuels are produced. 

Tablb 19>6. Approximate Minimum Gravitt of Cracked Fuel-oil Residue (Af) Possible bt Severe Thermal Cracking of Topped... 

Not much can be done about the yield of gasoline except to change the gravity of the cracked fuel oil. However, the following conditions are said to slightly affect gasoline yield ... 

Example 19-3. Yields by Viscosity Breaking. A 7 API intermediate-base residue (11.8 Characterization Factor) is to be viscosity broken as severely as possible. Table 19-6 indicates that a fuel-oil gravity of about 9 API is possible. Note that the lower the gravity of the feed, the higher must be the gravity of the cracked fuel oil (throughout all of Table 19-6). This increase in gravity of 2 units (i.e., 7 to 9)... 

Times of reaction are so short at 900 to 1300 F that the furnace effluent in commercial plants must be cooled rapidly (quenched). Cracked fuel... 

Court, IV. F., Hydraulic Decoking of Coke Chamber, Proc. API, Refining Division, Chicago Meeting, 1938 also Vlatsxm, K. M., Cracking Fuel Oil to Coke, Ref. Nat. Gaso. M/r., Dec. 1, 1938, p. C.52. 

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