Occurrence and Biological Function

Taxon Species (%) ratio 589 nm (degrees) Comments ences 

Taxon Botanical name Species Yield D-Mannose to of gum D-galactose (%) ratio Specific rotation at 589 nm (degrees) Comments Refer- ences 

Sesbanieae tribe 26 Sesbania grandiflora (Poir) 1.8 +50 (water) permethyl ether, [a] +42° 69 

From Centrosema plumari has been isolated50 an unusual polysaccharide containing 92% of D-galactose and only 8% of D-mannose the structure of this mannogalactan obviously cannot conform to that of the normal, seed galactomannan. 

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O Keefe DP, PA Harder (1991) Occurrence and biological function of cytochrome P-450 monoxygenase in the actinomycetes. Mol Microbiol 5 2099-2105. 

Wang, W. and Ballatori, N. (1998) Endogenous glutathione conjugates occurrence and biological functions. Pharmacol. Rev. 50, 335-356. 

Henderson WR, Jr. Eosinophil peroxidase occurrence and biological function. In Everse J, Everse KE, Grisham MB, eds. Peroxidases in Chemistry and Biology. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 1991. 

Wang W, Ballatori N. Endogenous glutathione conjugates Occurrence and biological functions. Pharmacol Rev 1998 50 335-356. 

Vignais PM, Billoud B. Occurrence, classification, and biological function of hydrogenases an overview. Chem Rev. 2007 107(10) 4206-72. 

P. C. Jocelyn, Biochemistry ofthe SH Group The Occurrence, Chemical Properties, Metabolism and Biological Function of Thiols and Disulfides , Academic Press, London, 1972. 

Occurrence, Sequences, and Biological Function Molecular and Spectroscopic Properties X-Ray Structure of Ascorbate Oxidase... 

In 1960, the occurrence of mammalian sialidase was reported by Warren and Spearing. Shortly thereafter, Ada and Lind (1961) found sialidase in the chorioallantoic membrane of the embryonic chicken, and Carubelli et aL (1962) found sialidase in several organs of the rat. Much work since has been done on microbial and on mammalian sialidases, and to a lesser degree, on avian sialidase, to determine intracellular and organellar locations of the enzyme, and its properties and biological functions. 

All biological functions in an organism are interdependent and internally regulated and since their occurrence is context-dependent, they cannot be understood in isolation. Functional explanations are therefore more appropriate for understanding complex systems exhibiting many coupled interactions than are causal explanations which focus on a single factor. 

The metabolic and clinical condition of the patient also plays a role The individual with good kidney and liver function will respond quite differently to a drug than the patient who is not able to detoxify or excrete the compound. The user of laboratory data must be aware of the possible occurrence of drug-mediated enzyme induction, biological variations in the rate of clearance and storage in depot areas (B24), and the genetic factors that play a role in the toxicity of a drug (L2). 

As described above, chlorogenic acid and DCQAs are widely present in various plants. It is likely that many of the alleged effects of medicinal plants are linked to the functions of their constituents. In this context, several plants have been investigated for their biological activities and their active substances. This section briefly outlines the occurrence and role of chlorogenic acids in medicinal plants. 

III. OCCURRENCE OF N-OXYGENATED C=N FUNCTIONALITIES IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY... 

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