Obsessive-compulsive disorder childhood-onset

Swedo, S.E., Pietrini, R, Leonard, H.L., Schapiro, M.B., Rettew, D.C., Goldberger, E.L., Rapoport, S.I., Rapoport, J.L., and Grady, C.L. (1992) Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Revisualization during pharmacotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 690-694. 

Leonard, H.L., Topol, D., Bukstein, O., Hindmarsh, D., Allen, A.J., and Swedo, S.E. (1994) Clonazepam as an augmenting agent in the treatment of childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33 792-794. 

The nosology of anxiety disorders has changed considerably over the past 40 years (141). Such disorders were not mentioned in the original DSM. In DSM-II, problems with anxiety were considered a subset of behavioral disorders and were restricted to overanxious and withdrawing reactions. The DSM-III defined three types of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents overanxious, avoidant, and separation disorder. The DSM-III also acknowledged that children and adolescents could meet adult criteria for simple phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In DSM-IV ( 45), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social phobia (or social anxiety disorder with childhood onset) replaced overanxious disorder and avoidant disorder, respectively. 

Eichstedt, J.A. Childhood-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clinical Psychology Review 21, no. 1 (2001) 137-157. 

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