Obesity brown adipose tissue

The major types of adipose tissue are (1) white adipose tissue, which manufactures, stores, and releases lipid and (2) brown adipose tissue, which dissipates energy via uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. Obesity research includes evaluation of the activity of adrenergic receptors and their effect on adipose tissue with respect to energy storage and expenditure or thermogenesis. 

The Pj receptor is distinct from the Pj or Pj receptor. In humans, the Pj receptor is linked to obesity, diabetes, and control of lipid metabolism. mRNA for Pj receptors is selectively expressed in brown adipose tissue in newborn humans. Polymorphism is common within the structure of the Pj receptor. A Trp64Arg point mutation in the Pj... 

It has been suggested that brown adipose tissue may also function to convert excess dietary fat into heat and thereby to resist obesity.k m Mice lacking the gene for the mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. However, other proteins, homologous to UCP1, have been discovered. They may partially compensate for the loss.m,h... 

Lowell, B. B., S-Susulic, V., Hamann, A., Lawitts, J. A., Himms-Hagen, J., Boyer, B. B., Kozak, L. P., and Flier, J-S. 1993. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature, 366,740-742. 

Quite a few studies have been published examining potential relationships between indices of obesity or type n diabetes and the Arg64 /i3AR polymorphism (74). The basis for such studies is the expression of the /i3AR in brown adipose tissue, where receptor activation increases thermogenesis, and in white adipose tissue,... 

Himms Hagen, J. Desautels, M. (1978) A mitochondrial defect in brown adipose tissue of the obese (ob/ob) mouse reduced binding of purine nucleotides and a failure to respond to cold by an increase in binding. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 83, 628-634. 

Holt, S., York, D.A. Fitzsimons, J.T. (1983) The effects of corticosterone, cold exposure and overfeeding with sucrose on brown adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats ifa/fa). Biochem. J. 214, 215-223. 

New / -adrenergic agonists have been designed for their utility in treatment of obesity and NIDDM, as opposed to the traditional antiasthmatic f 2 agonists. A subset of /J-adrenergic receptors that does not fall clearly into either / , or f>2 has been described in rat brown adipose tissue [157]. Selective activation of this receptor, by chronic administration of BRL-26830 (13) to... 

Himms-Hagen, J. 1989. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and obesity. Prog, lipid Res. 28 67-115. 

What Does Brown Adipose Tissue Have to Do with Obesity ... 

Very litde research on the biochemistry or physiology of brown adipose tissue has been done in humans. Most of the work on both obesity and adaptation to cold stress has been done on small mammals, such as rats, mice, and hamsters. What role, if any, brown fat deposits play in the development or prevention of obesity in humans is an open question for researchers. Recently, researchers have devoted much energy toward identifying the... 

Excessive food intake does not always lead to obesity nor does moderate food intake guarantee leanness. Indeed, the high energetic efficiency of several obese rodents indicate that obesity can in part result from impaired energy expenditure. Recently, research has focused on the relationship between thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and energy balance. 

Carey AL, Formosa MF, van Every B, Bertovic D, EikeUs N, Lambert GW, et al. Ephedrine activates brown adipose tissue in lean but not obese humans. Diabetologia 2013 56(l) 147-55. 

An exciting development in the metabolic area is the recognition that even in adults the thermogenic potential of brown adipose tissue can play a significant, yet variable role, in the expenditure of energy. Thus it is possible that some individuals will become obese at equivalent calorie intakes to... 

J. Himms-Hagen,Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Obesity, Progress in Lipid Research, 1989, 28, 2, 67-115. 

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