Nutrient requirements Sulphur

The aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic microbes present at vents often have complex nutrient requirements (e.g. organic acids, carbohydrates, elemental sulphur) some are believed to be mixotrophic, using both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms (Karl, 1995 Kelley etal., 2002). Organic matter in sulphide mineral chimneys may come from other dead and/or pyrolysed microbes and invertebrates (e.g. worm tubes and muccus) during growth of chimneys. At most hydrothermal sites, thermal environments at moderate temperatures (50-90°C) are... 

The optimal design of the medium is very important for the growth of a microorganism. Nutrients required for the growth of a microorganism are carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and magnesium salts. 

We have described an approach to host plant resistance that involves the use of plant oxidative enzymes to irrevocably deprive the insect of nutrients. We have emphasized that the chemical reactions catalyzed by POD and PPO have the potential to destroy a variety of essential or limiting amino acids (Table X). In particular, these reactions are adept at destroying lysine and cysteine. Integral lysine is necessary for proper enzymatic hydrolysis of protein. Cysteine and methionine, amongst other uses, are required to synthesize trjrpsin. The action of PPO and POD in conjunction with Pi s are proposed to place a severe strain on the insect for high sulphur amino acid intake. This strain may be further exacerbated by the complementary action of quinones... 

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