Nucleus accumbens

Olive MF, Koenig HN, Nannini MA et al (2001) Stimulation of endorphin neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens by ethanol, cocaine, and amphetamine. J Neurosci 21 1-5... [Pg.446]

The shell of the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the central nucleus of the amygdala, together referred to as the extended amygdala, may play a role in diug addiction. [Pg.491]

Hi-receptors in the adrenal medulla stimulates the release of the two catecholamines noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as enkephalins. In the heart, histamine produces negative inotropic effects via Hr receptor stimulation, but these are normally masked by the positive effects of H2-receptor stimulation on heart rate and force of contraction. Histamine Hi-receptors are widely distributed in human brain and highest densities are found in neocortex, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus and posterior hypothalamus where they predominantly excite neuronal activity. Histamine Hrreceptor stimulation can also activate peripheral sensory nerve endings leading to itching and a surrounding vasodilatation ( flare ) due to an axonal reflex and the consequent release of peptide neurotransmitters from collateral nerve endings. [Pg.589]

The nucleus accumbens is part of the limbic system. It receives dopaminergic input through the mesolimbic system that originates from cell bodies in the ventral segmental area (A 10 cell group). This mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway is part of the reward pathways. Drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine, opiates or nicotine) have been shown to increase the level of dopamine release in these neurons. [Pg.899]

Dopaminergic mechanisms within the ventral striatum (i.e., nucleus accumbens) subserve the ability of amphetamine and methylphenidate in low to moderate doses to increase locomotor activity. In contrast, very low dosages in animals seem to cause hypoactivity presumably by stimulation of autoreceptors, a finding that would be compatible with the clinical impression that methylphenidate might be usefiil in some patients with mania. [Pg.1040]

Psychostimulants. Figure 1 Nucleus accumbens as a major intersection of cognitive, motor and arousal processes. [Pg.1041]

It has been suggested that modafinil increases wakefulness by activating ai noradrenergic receptors or hypothalamic cells that contain the peptide hypocre-tin [3], or that it may act by modulating the GABAergic tone that might lead to an increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. On the other hand, modafinil does not have any effect in DAT knockout mice. [Pg.1041]

Localisation CA/S Hippocampus (CA1, CA3, DG), cortex, cerebellum (granular layer), olfactory bulb, habenula, spinal cord CA/S Caudate putamen, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, cortex, hippocampus (CA1, CA3, DG) CA/S Hippocampus (CA1, CA2), hypothalamus, thalamus, superior colliculus, raphe nuclei... [Pg.1123]

Pontieri FE, Tanda G, DiChiara G Intravenous cocaine, morphine, and amphetamine preferentially increase extracellular dopamine in the shell as compared with the core of the rat nucleus accumbens. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA 92 12304—12308, 1993... [Pg.158]

Swartz CM, Breen K, Leone F Serum prolactin levels during extended cocaine abstinence. AmJ Psychiatry 147 777—779, 1990 Sziraki I, Sershen H, Hashim A, et al Receptors in the ventral tegmental area mediating nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Neurochem Res 27 253-261, 2002... [Pg.208]

Yan QS Activation of 5-HT2a/2C receptors within the nucleus accumbens increases local dopaminergic transmission. Brain Res Bull 31 75-81, 2000... [Pg.241]

Pontieri FE, Tanda G, Orzi F, et al Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs. Nature 382 235-237, 1996 Pontieri FE, Zocchi A, Orzi F Mapping of functional changes associated with administration of substances of abuse in the rat. Funct Neurol 13 311-326, 1998 Preble E, Laury GV Plastic cement the ten cent hallucinogen. Int J Addict 2 271— 272, 1967... [Pg.311]

Certainly the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase is greater in the DA neurons of the substantia nigra (17.5 nmol dopa synthesised/mg protein/h) than in the NA neurons of the locus coeruleus (4-5), as is the turnover of the amine itself (1.7 pg/h) compared with that of NA (1.0) (see Bacopoulus and Bhatnager 1977). In the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens the turnover of DA is even higher at 7.4 and 2-6 pg/g/h respectively. [Pg.143]

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