Nucleotides adenylyl kinase

The RBC contains certain enzymes of nucleotide metabolism (eg, adenosine deaminase, pyrimidine nucleotidase, and adenylyl kinase) deficiencies of these enzymes are involved in some cases of hemolytic anemia. 

Cyclic nucleotides are made in response to receptor activation. The receptor activates a G-protein that, in turn, activates adenylyl cyclase to make the cyclic nucleotide. To complete the signaling, the increase in cAMP concentration activates a specific protein kinase (serine/threo-nine), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase) (Fig. 9-7). To turn off the signaling pathway, the cyclic nucleotides are destroyed by enzymes called phosphodiesterases. These cleave cAMP to AMP. 

Cyclic nucleotide regulated protein kinase family = Adenylyl cyclases = A-kinase anchor proteins = Atypical PKCs = Atrial natriuretic peptide = Adenosine 5 -triphosphate = Brain natriuretic peptide = Ca Vcalmodulin-dependent kinases = Cyclin-dependent kinases = Ca -dependent protein kinase = Casein kinase I = Casein kinase II = Dcd-like kinase... 

Like the other two a2-AR subtypes, the site for polymorphic variation of the a2C-AR is localized to the third intracellular loop (1) (Fig. 1). For this subtype, a 12-nucleotide in-frame deletion resulting in a four-amino acid (Gly-Ala-Gly-Pro) loss has been detected, primarily in subjects of African descent (Table 1). In CHO cells, the a2C-Del322-325 displays markedly depressed function as assessed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (Fig. 10), stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p44/42, and stimulation of inositol phosphates (1). The basis for this impairment is not clear. Although the third intracellular loop is... 

Figure 32.2 Inhibitory effects of XI on human thyroid signaling intracellular cascades. R, receptor ATP, adenosine triphosphate nucleotide PuR, purinergic receptor Gs, stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase Gi, inhibitory G protein of adenylyl cyclase Gq, stimulatory G protein of phospholipase C AC, adenylyl cyclase PLC, phospholipase C IPS, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate DAG, diacylglycerol PKC, protein kinase C DUOX, dual oxidase PGE, prostaglandin E1 TSHR, TSH receptor cAMP, cyclic 3 -5 adenosine monophosphate PDE, cAMP phosphodiesterase 5 AMP, adenosine monophosphonucleotide cA PK, cAMP-dependent protein kinase FK, forskolin ------> Stimulation inhibition — generation.

---