Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Carboxyl Carbon

1 C=0-Containing Substrates and Their Reactions with Nucleophiles 

C=0 double bonds occur in a series of different classes of compounds  

Aldehyde Carboxylic acid Carbonic acid Ketene Isocyanate 

Each of the aforementioned C=0-containing compounds reacts with nucleophiles. Which kind of a reaction occurs depends almost exclusively on the nature of the substrate and hardly at all on the nucleophile  

Bruckner R (author), Harmata M (editor) In Organic Mechanisms - Reactions, Stereochemistry and Synthesis Chapter DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03651-4 6, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 

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Mechanisms, Rate Laws, and Rate of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Carboxyl Carbon... 

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