Nuclear with geologic materials, interactions

Bird G. W. and Lopato V. J. (1980) Solution interaction of nuclear waste anions with selected geological materials. Int. Symp. Sci. Basis Waste Manage., 419-426. 

Environmental scientists such as those involved in performance assessment (e.g., for nuclear repositories) would be pleased to be able to predict the interactions of solutes (e.g., radionuclides) with backfill and geologic materials. However, in this area, which in many countries receives much public attention, even the aqueous solution equilibria for the pertaining conditions of a favored repository concept cannot be accurately described (e.g., metal ions in brine solutions, which require Pitzer formalism, or in highly alkaline backfill pore waters, which have traditionally not received much attention in aqueous solution studies because of the limitations of glass electrodes and solid phase formation). Databases for surface complexation applications are also required for many other purposes, but the major drawback of such potential databases is that no agreement exists on the actual surface complexation model to be used. This may ultimately lead to particular difficult situations whenever one of the following occur ... 

Several types of nature-humans interactions with respect to materials and energy include resources, waste and global environmental problems (Fig. 6.1). In this Chapter we focus on the global environmental and waste problems such as acid rain, CO2 emission, underground CO2 sequestration, geological disposal of high level nuclear waste, and water and soil pollutions. 

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