Nuclear solvents

Of course, even without engineering-scale economic and technical drivers, studies of new nuclear solvent extraction technology can and will proceed at academic and national laboratory institutions. Areas for which new technology could be beneficial include, among others, development of extractants that can be readily incinerated detailed information concerning the kinetics of extraction of various solutes and perhaps, development of contactors with very short residence times. Extraction kinetics must be more carefully investigated in the future to be able to take advantage of kinetic differences, especially between the actinides and the fi -transition elements. 

S. Kumar and S. B. Koganti. An extended Setschenow model for Pu(IV) third phase formation in 20 tri-n-butyl phosphate based nuclear solvent extraction system. Solvent Extr. IonExch, 21(3) 423-433, 2003. 

The energies E [Pn] in Eq. [35] depend on the nuclear solvent polarization that serves as a three-dimensional (3D) nuclear reaction coordinate driving electronic transitions. The two-state model actually sets up two directions the vector of the differential field AS b and the off-diagonal field Sab-Therefore, only two projections of Vn need to be considered the longitudinal field parallel to ASab and the transverse field perpendicular to ASab- In the case when the directions of the differential and off-diagonal fields coincide, one needs to consider only the longitudinal field, and the theory can be formulated in terms of the scalar reaction coordinate... 

The reaction coordinate is now a projection of the nuclear solvent polarization on the adiabatic differential solute field... 

New GC and GC-MS methods have been reported for simultaneous determinations of organophosphorus flame retardants in textiles, including a GC method combined with microwave-assisted extraction, and a GC-MS method following ultrasonic extraction, also a phosphate-based flame retardant in textiles by GC-MS, ° and in styrene-based polymers from waste electrical equipment by both GC (NP detector) and GC-MS. ° The gas chromatographic retentions of allq l phosphates on ionic liquid stationary phases have been studied, as well as a comparative study on the determination of di- -butyl phosphate in spent nuclear solvents by both gas- (GC) and ion chromatography (IC) methods/ ... 

The determination of the retention factors k ] of new phosphoramidic acid derivatives by reversed-phase HPLC was mentioned earlier in a QSSR study, also the configurational stability of residual phosphanes were evaluated by both dynamic HPLC on a chiral phase and dynamic H and P NMR spectroscopy. The determination of di-n-hutyl phosphate (DBP) in spent nuclear solvents was also compared by using both gas-(GC) and ion chromatography (IC) methods,and it was shown that ion chromatography was much faster than gas chromatography since it involves minimum steps and no derivatization of DBP. 

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