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Nose, nasal physiology

Anatomy and physiology. The human respiratory system is divided into upper and lower respiratory tracts. The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, nasal cavities, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli, which are composed of respiratory tissues. [Pg.63]

Negus V.E. (1958). Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose and Para-Nasal Sinuses. Oliver Boyd, Edinburgh, p. 402. [Pg.184]

Nasal anatomy and physiology. The nose is the first organ of the respiratory tract. The structure of the nasal cavity is shown in Fig. 2.8. [Pg.61]

Deposition mechanisms in the nose include inertial impaction, sedimentation, diffusion, interception and electrostatic attraction. The structure and physiology of the nasal cavity, with the small cross-section for airflow and sharp curves, suggests that inertial impaction is the most significant mechanism for drag deposition in the nasal cavity. [Pg.231]

The upper respiratory tract, particularly the nose, has a unique anatomy that performs normal physiologic functions as well as innate defense against inhaled toxicants. The nose extends from the nostrils to the pharynx. Inspired air enters the nose through the nostrils. The nasal cavity is divided longitudinally by a septum into two nasal compartments. In most mammalian species, each nasal cavity is divided into a dorsal, ventral, and middle (lateral) meatus by two turbinate bones, the nasoturbinate and maxilloturbinate. These turbinates project from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the cavity, respectively. In the posterior portion of the nose, the ethmoid recess contains the ethmoturbinate. The nasal cavity is lined by a vascular mucosa that consists of four distinct types of epithelia. In rodents, these epithelia are (1) the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the nasal vestibule and the floor of the ventral meatus in the anterior portion of the nose (2) the non-ciliated, pseudostratified, transitional epithelium that lies between the squamous epithelium and the respiratory epithelium and lines the lateral meatus (3) the ciliated respiratory epithelium that lines the remainder of the nasal cavity anterior and ventral to the olfactory epithelium and (4) the olfactory epithelium (neuroepithelium) that lines the dorsal meatus and ethmoturbinates in the caudal portion of the nose. The relative abundance and exact locations of these upper respiratory epithelium differ among mammalian species. [Pg.642]

In order to understand the delivery and absorption of drugs by the nasal route and appreciate the factors that may affect it, one must begin with a clear picture of the anatomy and physiology of the nose. [Pg.593]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1730 ]




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