Norbornene complex

Metal-norbornene complexes are much more stable than the corresponding complexes with other disubstituted alkenes. This is due to the... 

Polymer-supported salen catalysts were also developed by employing poly (norbornene)-immobihzed salen complexes 139 of manganese and cobalt (Scheme 3.40) [77]. The poly(norbornene) complexes are highly active and selective catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins. The asymmetric epoxidation of cis-P-methylstyrene 132 occurred smoothly at -20 °C to give the chiral epoxide 133 in 100% conversion with 92% ee. Under the same reaction conditions, Jacobsen s catalyst (an unsupported salen complex) afforded the same product with 93% ee. 

In a series of papers 14,15,16) Trecker et al. reported their detailed studies of the cuprous halide-sensitized dimerization of norbornene. Compelling evidence was presented for the involvement of a preformed metal-olefin complex in the mechanism of sensitization. Thus ether solutions of norbornene and CuBr separately displayed no maximum in their electronic spectra down to 220 nm whereas a mixture of the two exhibited an intense absorption at 239 nm. The appearance of this band was attributed to the formation of a 1 1 BrCu-norbornene complex. Upon 254-nm irradiation, predominant production of the exo-trans-exo dimer 1 (Reaction 1) ensued. The observed second-order dependence of the quantum yield for this process upon the norbornene concentration was interpreted... 

Olefin complexes of gold(I) can be prepared either by the reaction of tetrachloroau-ric acid with the olefin or directly from the olefin and gold(l) hahde 3 i5 While such species usually have poor stability and decompose in solution at room temperature, the cis-cyclooctene and norbornene complexes of AuCl, obtained from the reaction of [AuCl(CO)] with the corresponding olefin by a CO displacement reaction, have been found to be less prone to decomposition . An (olefin)gold(l) complex featuring a tetracoordinate environment for the gold centre bonded to the olefin has recently been obtained according to the procedure shown in equation 87 . 

Insertion of norbornene into a C-M bond is often reversible. For example, a jT-allylnickel norbornene complex was in equilibrium with inserted alkyl-nickel species (Scheme 1.33) [41]. Whereas the chloride complex favored the ir-allylnickel form, the acetate complex favored the inserted alkylnickel species. 

Boron trifluoride-acetic acid complex Harshaw Chemical Co., Allied Chemical Co. 1,5-Cyclooctadiene A, MCB Sulfur dichloride MCB Boron trifluoride etherate EK, MCB Mercuric acetate MCB Norbornene MCB Calcium carbide MCB Pinacol EK, MCB... 

Ruthenium hydride complexes, e.g., the dimer 34, have been used by Hofmann et al. for the preparation of ruthenium carbene complexes [19]. Reaction of 34 with two equivalents of propargyl chloride 35 gives carbene complex 36 with a chelating diphosphane ligand (Eq. 3). Complex 36 is a remarkable example because its phosphine ligands are, in contrast to the other ruthenium carbene complexes described so far, arranged in a fixed cis stereochemistry. Although 36 was found to be less active than conventional metathesis catalysts, it catalyzes the ROMP of norbornene or cyclopentene. 

Very recently, the yttrium hydride [2,2 -bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylamido)-6,6 -di-methylbiphenyl]YH(THF) 2 (36), conveniently generated in situ from [2,2 -bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylamido)-6,6 -dimethylbiphenyl]YMe(THF)2 (35) demonstrated its high catalytic activity in olefin hydrosilylation. This system represents the first use of a d° metal complex with non-Cp ligands for the catalytic hydrosilylation of olefins. Hydrosilylation of norbornene with PhSiHs gave the corresponding product (37) of 90% ee (Scheme 3-15) [43]. 

Scheme 5-11 Platinum complexes observed in hydrophosphina-tion of ethyl acrylate using the precatalyst Pt(norbornene)3...

Phosphite complexes of platinum(0) have received substantially less attention than have phosphine complexes.44 [Pt P(OC6H4OMe-2)3 3] can be prepared by reduction of the [PtCl2 P-(OC6H4OMe-2)3 2] complex in the presence of the phosphite or by the reaction of the phosphite with Lris(//2-norbornene)platinum(II) 44 Alkene complexes of bis(phosphite)platinum(II) can be prepared in a similar manner to the analogous phosphine complexes. 

AuCl(alkene)] (alkene = m-cyclooctene. norbornene, CHf/o-dicyclopentadiene ) complexes have been obtained by reaction of [AuCl(CO)] with the alkene.2280,2281 The structure of [AuC1(Ci0H12)] shows the ligand //2-bonded to gold via the C=C bond in the norbornene ring and the molecules are associated into dimers through Au Au interactions.2281... 

A third type of reaction, namely CO insertion, is also described. The rate of CO insertion into the Pd-Me bond in several classical diphosphine monomers has been found to be very dependent on the nature of the ligand. Full car-bonylation of, for example, dendrimer 56-[GJ occurs when this compound is pressurized to 1 bar of CO. Experiments with 13CO corroborate the formation of the acetyl complex while insertion of norbornene into the Pd-acetyl bond can be easily performed. Dendrimers of generations 2 and 3 react similarly (Scheme 27). 

Most studies on nickel-catalyzed domino reactions have been performed by Ikeda and colleagues [287], who observed that alkenyl nickel species, obtained from alkynes 6/4-41 and a (jr-allyl) nickel complex, can react with organometallics as 6/4-42. If this reaction is carried out in the presence of enones 6/4-43 and TM SCI, then coupling products such as 6/4-44 are obtained. After hydrolysis, substituted ketones 6/4-45 are obtained (Scheme 6/4.12). With cyclic and (5-substituted enones the use of pyridine is essential. Usually, the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reactions is very high. On occasion, alkenes can be used instead of alkynes, though this is rather restricted as only norbornene gave reasonable results [288]. 

Another unprecedented domino cycloaddition process of a chromium complex, namely a [2+2+l]/[2+l] cycloaddition, was observed by Barluenga and coworkers [316]. These authors treated norbornene 6/4-137 with the Fischer alkynyl Cr car-bene 6/4-138 and obtained, as the main product, not the expected cyclopropane derivative 6/4-139, but compound 6/4-140 (Scheme 6/4.35). 

Synthesis of block copolymers of norbornene derivatives, with different side groups, has been reported via ROMP [101]. Initially, exo-N-bulyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide was polymerized in acetone at room temperature with a ruthenium initiator (Scheme 40). The conversion of the reaction was quantitative. Subsequent addition of norbornene derivative carrying a ruthenium complex led to the formation of block copolymers in 85% yield. Due to the presence of ruthenium SEC experiments could not be performed. Therefore, it was not possible to determine the molecular weight... 

The first documented example of the living ROMP of a cycloolefin was the polymerization of norbornene using titanacyclobutane complexes such as (207) 510-512 Subsequent studies described the synthesis of di- and tri-block copolymers of norbornenes and dicyclopentadiene.513 However, functionalized monomers are generally incompatible with the highly electrophilic d° metal center. 

Confirmation that the polymerizations proceed via metallacyclic intermediates was obtained by studying the ROMP of functionalized 7-oxanorbornadienes. These polymerize slower than their norbornene analogs, allowing NMR identification of the metallacyclobutane resonances and subsequent monitoring of ring opening to the first insertion product. In addition, the X-ray crystallographic structure of complex (212) has been reported.533... 

Well-defined nanoclusters (w 10-100 A diameter) of several metals have been prepared via the polymerization of metal-containing monomers. The synthetic approach involves the block copolymerization of a metallated norbornene with a hydrocarbon co-monomer which is used to form an inert matrix. Subsequent decomposition of the confined metal complex affords small clusters of metal atoms. For example, palladium and platinum nanoclusters may be generated from the block copolymerization of methyl tetracyclododecane (223) with monomers (224) and (225) respectively. 10,611 Clusters of PbS have also been prepared by treating the block copolymer of (223) and (226) with H2S.612 A similar approach was adopted to synthesize embedded clusters of Zn and ZnS 613,614... 

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